Adashim. See Lentil.
Adauctus, an Italian and steward of certain of the royal domains, in a city of Phrygia, the name of which is unknown. He perished during the persecu- tion of Diocletian, about 303. His memory is cele- brated by the Latin church on the 7th of February ; by the Greeks, October 3d. — Eusebius, Eccl. Hist, viii, 11; Butler, Lives of Saints, Feb. 7.
Ad'beel (Heb. AdbeeY ' , fcgSl'IK, prob. miracle of God, the first member being by Syriasm for "2^N, finger; or progeny of God, the first member being Arab, adb, offspring ; Sept. Na/3et >)\ [Josephus 'Afici- j;\oc, Ant. i, 12, 4], Vulg. Adbeel), the third named of the twelve sons of Ishmael, and head of an un- known Arabian tribe (Gen. xxv, 13; 1 Chron. i, 29). B.C. post 2061. See Arabia.
Ad'dail (Heb. Addan, "pX; Sept. 'UCav), an-
other form (Ezra ii, 59) of the name (Neh. vii, 61) Addon (q. v.).
Ad'dar (Heb. Addar', THX, ample or splendid, otherwise [from the Chald. ~pX] threshing -floor ; Sept. 'Apid v. r. 'Acip, Vulg. Addar), a son of Bela and grandson of Benjamin (1 Chron. viii, 3) ; else- where (Gen. xlvi, 24) called Ard (q. v.). See also Ataroth-addar ; Hazar-addar.
Adder, in the general sense of a venomous ser- pent [see Serpent], is the rendering in the Auth. Vers, of the following Heb. words in certain passages : 211233 {akshub' , perhaps so called from coiling and lying in wait), an asp, or other venomous reptile, only found in Psa. cxl, 3; "PS {pe'then, probably from twisting itself), an equally indefinite term for a viper or venomous serpent, Psa. lviii, 4 ; xci, 13 (elsewhere "asp," Deut. xxxii, 33; Job xx, 14, 1G; Isa. xi, 8); "^"SS {tsiphonV, so called from hissing), a basilisk, or other poisonous serpent, Prov. xxiii, 32 (elsewhere "cockatrice," Isa. xi, 8; lix, 5; Jer. viii, 17; like the kindred 3>BS, tse'pha, Isa. xiv, 29) ; 'p2'12d {shephiphon' , so called from ci'eejnng), apparently an adder, or small speckled venomous snake, occurs only in Gen. xlix, 17. Few, if any, of these terms are de- scriptive of a particular species of serpent, although special traits are given in connection with some of them that enable us to make an approximation toward their identification witli those described by modern naturalists. See Snake. The terms adder and viper are nearly interchangeable in modern science, the lat- ter being strictly the name of a genus of serpents hav- ing the head covered with scales. See Viper. The true adders are classed under the sub-genus Berus, and are of several species, properly distinguished by the granular scales of the head, sometimes with larger scales intermixed, and having nostrils of a moderate size. See Asp.
Ad'di {'Acci, probably for Heb. Adi , "p", orna- ment, as in Exod. xxxiii, 4, etc.), the name of one or two men.
1. An Israelite, several of whose descendants, on returning from Babylon, married heathen women (1 Esdr. ix, 31) ; for which the parallel text (Ezra x, 30) has more correctly Paiiath-moab (q. v.).
2. The son of Cosam and father of Melchi (i. e. probably Maaseiah, 2 Chron. xxxiv, 8) in the mater- nal ancestry of Christ (Luke iii, 28). B.C. ante 623.
Addison, Joseph, one of the most eminent of British writers, was the son of Dean Addison, and was born at Milston in 1G72. He was educated at the Charter House and at the colleges of Queen's and Magdalen at Oxford. Of his contributions to general literature we do not speak. In the course of his writ- ings in the Toiler, Spectator, and Guardian, appeared a series of papers, afterward collected, and often re- printed, under the title of "Addison's Evidences of the Christian L'lligiou." In his latter years he projected a paraphrastical version of the Psalms of David, of which he gave a beautiful specimen in his metrical translation of Psalm xxiii: "The Lord my pasture shall prepare," etc. But a long illness prevented the I completion of this design. Addison died at Holland House, Kensington, June 17th, 1719. During his lin- . gering decay he sent for a young nobleman of very ir- regular life and of loose opinions to attend him ; and when the latter, with great tenderness, requested to receive his last injunctions, Mr. Addison told him, "I have sent for you that you may see how a Christian can die." The best edition of his Whole Works is that of Bishop Hurd (Lond. 1711, G vols. 8vo). — Jones, Chr. Biog. p. 5.
Ad'do ('Aiien';, comp. Addon), the "father" of the prophet Zeehariah (1 Esdr. vi, 1), called in the gen- uine text (Ezra v, 1) Iddo (q. v.).
ADDON
ADIDA
Ad'don (Heb. Addon', "pIX, low or lord, or per- haps i. q. Iddo ; Sept. 'Hpwv), the second of three persons mentioned in Neh. vii, 61, who, on returning from the captivity to Palestine, were unable to " show their father's house or their seed, whether they were of Israel," B.C. 536. This probably means that they were unable to furnish such undeniable legal proof as was required in such cases. And this is in some de- gree explained by the subsequent (v. 63) mention of priests who were expelled the priesthood because their descent was not found to be genealogical^ registered. These instances show the importance which was at- tached to their genealogies by the Jews. See Gene- alogy. In Ezra ii, 59, he is called Addas, but in 1 Esdr. v, 36, his name is contained in Ciiara-atha- LAR. According to others, this is the name of a place in the land of the captivity, like Tel-melah and Tel-haresha preceding; but the names Cherub and Immer immediately adjoining appear to be those of men, and the Masoretic punctuation rather favors the distinction of these three names as residents of the two places just named.