Alexandroschene (for 'A\e%di>$pov OKtjvi), Al- exander's t(n/), a place mentioned in the Jerusali m Itinerary as 12 B. miles from Tyre, and the same dis- tance from Ecdippa ; evidently the ruin now called Tskanderuna, at the southern foot of Ras el-Abiad on the Mediterranean.
Alexas CA\it,ac, contracted from Alexander, q.
ALEXIANS
160
ALIEN"
v.), a favorite of Herod the Great, and by his influence the husband of Salome (Josephus, Ant. xvii, 1, 1; War, i, 28, 6), by whom he had a son, also named Alexas, and married to Cypros, a daughter of Antipa- ter {Ant. xviii, 5, 4). See Herodian Family.
Alexians, or "Brethren and Sisters of St. Alex- ius," so called from their patron saint, Alexius, said to have been a Roman senator of the tilth century, who gave up the world for a life of poverty and celibacy. They were also called Cellites, and a fuller ac- count of them will be found under that title.
Alexius. See Alexians.
Alfred the Great, king of England, was born in 849, his parents being Ethehvulf, king of the West Saxons, and Asburga, his first wife. He mounted the throne in 871, and during the thirty years in which he held the reins of government he experi- enced the greatest vicissitudes of fortune. As king, he was a great benefactor of the Church; he built many monasteries and churches, and founded the University of Oxford, which has been, under God, through all ages, the main support of the true faith in that kingdom. He died in November, A.D. 900, be- ing then fifty-one years old. Besides drawing learn- ed men to his court, Alfred himself was devoted to let- ters. He translated Boethius, De Consolations (pub- lished by Cordale, London, 1829, 8vo). Several other works are attributed to Alfred; among them, 1. A Saxon Paraphrase of the History of Bede, given in the Cambridge edition of Beck's History (1722, fol.) : — 2. Various Laws relating to the Church, contained in the same work (Appendix) : — 3. A Saxon Translation of
the Liber Pastoralis of St. Gregory (in MS. at Cam- bridge) : — 1. The Psalter of David, partly translated into Saxon (printed at London, with the Latin text, in 1G40, 4to) : — 5. Anglo-Saxon Translation of Orosius (given at the end of Pauli's "Life of Alfred," in Bonn's Library). He is also said to have translated the Four Dialogues of St. Gregory, which are lost. — Powell, Life of Alfred the Great (Lond. 1G34, 12mo); Cave, Hist. Lit. anno 871 ; Weisz, Geschichte Alfred's (Schaffhau- sen, 1852, 8vo) ; Pauli, Life of Alfred (Berl. 1851), trans, by Thorp (Lond. 1853, 12mo).
Algeria, a country of Northern Africa, which forms now (since 1830) a French possession. Its area is about 150,000 square miles ; population, in 1858, 3,250,000, most of whom are Mohammedans. The European population has rapidly increased since 1830. In 1832 it was only 5919 souls; in 185G, 155,007, among whom were 8G,9G9 French, and 42,569 Span- iards. Among the Europeans were, in 1857, about 10,000 Protestants, with eleven clergymen. The rest are mostly Roman Catholics, who have one bishopric at Algiers. There are several convents, among which a large agricultural and educational institution of the Trappists is celebrated. There were, in 1855, 178 boys' and 119 girls' schools, with 10,672 boys and 8986 girls. Four towns had Arabic-French schools, with 400 scholars. An Association of St. Louis was formed in 1859 for the civilization of the Mohamme- dans, and had commenced the publication of an Arabic paper, Birgys Barys (the Eagle of Paris'). — Schem's Ecclesiastical Year-book for 1859 ; Behaghel, V Algirie (Par. 1865). See Africa.
V-
Al'gum, a transposed form (2 Chron. ii, 8 ; ix, 10, 11) of the Heb. termALMUG (q. v.).
Ali'ah, a less correct form (1 Chron. i, 51) of the name Alvah (q. v.).
Ali'an, a less correct form (1 Chron. i, 40) of the name Alvan (q. v.).
Alien ("13, ger, also 133, nelar', or i"03, noh-i', both meaning stronger, as often rendered ; aWorpioc), a foreigner, or person born in another country, and not having the usual rights and privileges of the citi- zens of the country in which he lives. Among the Hebrews there were two classes of persons denom- inated thus: 1. The proper aliens (D"1"!?), those who were strangers generally, and who possessed no land- ed property, though they might have purchased houses; 2. Those less properly so called (D'OOipl, toshabim ' ,
sojourners'), i. e. strangers dwelling in another country without being naturalized (Lev. xxii, 10 ; Psa. xxxix, 12). Both of these classes were to be treated with kindness, and were to enjoy the same rights with oth- er citizens (Lev. xix, 33, 34 ; Deut. x, 19 ; xxiii, 7 ; xxiv, 17). Strangers might be naturalized, or per- mitted to enter into the congregation of the Lord, \>y submitting to circumcision and renouncing idolatry (Deut. xxiii, 1-8).
The Edomites and Egyptians were capable of be- coming citizens of Israel after the third generation. It appears also that other nations were not entirely excluded from being incorporated with the people of Israel. But the Ammonites and Moabites, in conse- quence of the hostile disposition which they had man- ifested to the Israelites in the wilderness, were abso- lutely excluded from the right of citizenship (Michaelis, Mos. Recht, § 63).