Alkoran. See Koran.
Allah (contracted from the Arabic al ilah, " the God"), the usual name for God among the Mohamme- dans. It is commonly used in connection with one or several of the 99 epithets or attributes of God.
Allah. See Oak.
Allan, William (Cardinal), born in Lancashire in 1532, and educated at Oriel College, Oxford, where he afterward became, in Queen Mary's time, principal of St. Mary's Hall, and was also made canon of York. At Queen Elizabeth's accession he retreated to Lou- vain, and then became professor at Douay, canon of Cambray and 'Rheims, and lastly, in 1587, he was made cardinal-priest of St. Martin's in Rome, and in 1588 archbishop of Mechlin. He was very active in collecting the English Romanists abroad into one body, and in establishing a college, first at Douay and then at Rheims. His zeal against Queen Elizabeth show- ed itself in two bitter works, which he published be- fore the invasion of England by the Spaniards, en- couraging King Philip to that enterprise, and urging the subjects of Queen Elizabeth to consider themselves absolved from their allegiance, and to execute the pa- pal ban dethroning Elizabeth and putting Philip II in her stead. This treason greatly embittered the Eng- lish people against Allan, and the Earl of Arundel was afterward condemned to death for corresponding with him. He died at Rome in 1594, and the Jesuits were charged with poisoning him. They, in turn, charged the crime against Dr. Lewis, bishop of Cassona, who, they said, hoped to succeed Allan as English cardinal. —Hook, Eccl. Biog. i, 103; Collier, Eccl. Hist, vii, 180.
Allatius, Leo (Leo Allacci in Italian), was born in 1586 of Greek parents in the island of Chio, went to Rome in 1600, and studied at the Greek College in that city. When his course of studies was completed, Ber- nard Justiniani, bishop of Anglona, selected him for his grand-vicar. In 1621 Pope Gregory XV sent him into Germany to bring to Rome the Palatinate Library of Heidelberg, and Alexander VII made him librarian of the Vatican in 1601, He died in January, 1669,
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aged eighty-three, having founded several colleges in his native island. According to Niceron, he was in- defatigable in his labors, and possessed a prodigious memory, stored with every kind of knowledge, but he wanted judgment and critical acumen. A list of his writings may be found in Niceron, Memoires, viii, 10. The most important of them are, 1. Be Ecclesice Occi- dent, et Orient. Perpetud Consensione (Cologne, 1648, 4to) : — 2. De utriusque Eccl. etc. in dor/mate de Purgato- rio Consensione (Rome, 1655, 8vo) : — 3. De Libris Eccl. Grcecorum (Paris, 1645, 8vo) : — 4. Be Templis Grceco- rum recentioribus (Cologne, 1645, 8vo) : — 5. Grcecia Or- thodoxy Scrip/ores (Rome, 1652, 2 vols. 4to) : — 6. De Octavo Synodo Pkotiana (Francf. 1666, 4to).
Allegory (dWijyopia) occurs in the Bible only in the participial form, dWijyopovpivog, allegorized (Gal. iv, 24), where the apostle cites the history of the free- born Isaac and the slave-born Ishmael, and onl}r speaks of it as allegorically applied. Allegories themselves are, however, of frequent occurrence in Scripture.
An allegory has been sometimes considered as only a lengthened metaphor ; at other times as a continua- tion of metaphors. But, according to its original and proper meaning, as shown by its derivation, the term denotes a representation of one tiling which is intended to excite the representation of another thing. In most allegories the immediate representation is made in the form of a narrative ; and, since it is the object of the allegory itself to convey a moral, not a historic truth, the narrative is commonly fictitious. The immediate representation is understood from the words of the al- legory ; the ultimate representation depends upon the immediate representation applied to the proper end. The interpretation of the former is commonly called the grammatical or the literal interpretation, although we should speak more correctly in calling it the verbal interpretation, since, in the plainest narratives, even in narratives not designed for moral application, the use of words is never restricted to their mere literal senses. ■ Every parable is a kind of allegory ; e. g. in the parable of the sower (Luke viii, 5-15) we have a plain narrative — a statement of a few simple and intel- ligible facts, such, probably, as had fallen within the observation of the persons to whom our Saviour ad- dressed himself, followed by the explanation or alle- gorical interpretation. The impressive and pathetic allegory addressed by Nathan to David affords a sim- ilar instance of an allegorical narrative accompanied with its explanation (2 Sam. xii, 1-14). Allegories thus accompanied constitute a kind of simile, in both parts of which the words themselves are construed either literally or figuratively, according to the re- spective use of them ; and then we institute the com- parison between the things signified in the former part and the things signified in the latter part. The most frequent error in the interpretation of allegorical rep- resentations is the attempt to discover too minute co- incidences, or to apply them in all their details. See Parable.
But allegorical narratives are frequently left to ex- plain themselves, especially when the resemblance between the immediate and ultimate representation is sufficiently apparent to make an explanation unneces- sary. Of this kind we cannot have a more striking example than that beautiful one contained in the 80th Psalm, " Thou broughtest a vine out of Egypt," etc. The allegorical delineation of old age by Solomon (Keel, xii, 2-6) is perhaps one of the finest'of the Old Testament. The use of allegorical interpretation is not, however, confined to mere allegory, or fictitious narratives, but is extended also to history, or real narratives. And in this case the grammatical mean- ing of a passage is called its historical, in contradistinc- tion to its allegorical meaning. There are two modes in which Scripture history has been thus allegorized. According to one, facts and circumstances, especially those recorded in the Old Testament, have been ap-