Apollinarists. See Apollinarians.
Apollo (' AttoXXcov, the destroyer, so called because his shafts, the rays of Phrrbns or the sun. inflict dis- ease or "the sun-stroke" in Oriental climates), one of the great divinities of the Greeks, according to Homer
APOLLODOTTS
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APOLLONIUS
(JUad, i, 21, 316) the son of Jupiter (Zeus) and Leto (Latona), and the brother of Artemis or Diana (Hesiod, Theogn. 918). He was fabled to be the god who pun- ishes the wicked and insolent, who affords help and wards off evil, particularly from cattle, who presided over the foundation of cities, and especially as the god of music and prophecy (Smith, Diet, of Class. Mythol. s. v.)- See Oracle. In this last office he is indirect- ly alluded to in the account of the demoniac damsel cured by Paul (Acts xvi, 16). See Pythoness. Jo- sephus mentions an audience of Archelaus held by Ti- berius in a splendid temple of Apollo built by him in Rome (Aid. xvii, 11, 1); and he also speaks of a tem- ple of his at Gaza, into which the nobles of the city took refuse from the massacre by Alexander Jannoeus (Ant. xiii, 13, 3).
Apollodotus ('AttoWoCotoq, Apollo-given), a general of the inhabitants of Gaza, who made an ef- fectual sally against the Jews besieging the city under Alexander Jannauis, but was at length slain through the treachery of his brother Lysimachus (Josephus, Ant. xiii, 13, 3).
Apollo'nia ('A7ro\\«j)'(tt, from Apollo), a city of Macedonia, in the province of Mygdonia (Plin. iv, 17), situated between Amphipolis and Thessalonica, thirty Roman miles from the former, and thirty-six from the latter (It bier. Anton, p. 320, 330; It'm. Ilieros. p. 605; Tab. renting.). It was south of the lake Bolbe and north of the Chaleidian mountains (A then, viii, 334). According to Stephen of Byzantium, it was founded by a colony of Corinthians and Corcyrians. The Apostle Paul passed through Amphipolis and Apollo- nia on his way to Thessalonica (Acts xvii, 1 ; see Conybeare and Howson's Life and Epistles of St. Paul, i, 320, 321). It must not be confounded with a noted Apollonia in Illyria (see Kype, Obs. Sacr. ii, 81 sq.). The city here spoken of was situated on the "Egna- tian Way" in the interior of the district of Chalcidice (Scylax, p. 27; Xon. Hist. Gr. v, 2). The ruins are called Pollina (Cramer's Anc. Gr. i, 264).
Apollonia (AiroWtoviu, a frequent Greek name of cities, probably given in this case b}r one of the Seleucidae), a town of Palestine, between Cresarea and Joppa (Stephen of Byz. ; Ptol. v, 16; Pliny, v, 14 ; Pint. Tab.), one of those on the sea-shore taken by the .Tews under Alexander Jannseus (Joseph. Ant. xiii, 15, 4), and afterward repaired by Gabinius (Jo- seph. War, \, 8, 4). It is now Arsuf a deserted vil- lage at the mouth of the Nahr Arsuf (Irby and Man- gles, Trav. p. 189 ; Robinson, Research, iii, 46 ; Ches- ney. Expedition, i, 490), a place famous under the Crusaders (Wilken, Kreuzz. ii, 17, 39, 102; iv, 416; vii, 325, 400, 425), by whom it was confounded with Antipatris (Bitter, Erdk. xvi, 590).
Apollonia, a martyr of Alexandria, suffered with Metra, Quinta, and Serapion, in the year 249, when she was seized, and some one by a violent blow on the face knocked out many of her teeth ; whence, in the Middle Ages, she was held to be the patroness against the toothache. Soon she was brought before the burning pile, and, on being asked to recant, re- flected a moment, and then leaped into the fire. She is commemorated in the Roman Church on Feb. 9.— Eusebius, Ch. Hist, vi, 41 ; Landon, Eccl. Diet, i, 450.
Apollo'nins ('AjroXXwviof, from Apollo), the name of several men in the history of the Maccabees and Josephus.
1. The son of a certain Thrasa?us, and vicerov of the Syrian kin- Seleucus (IV) Philopator (B.C. 187) over southern Syria and Phoenicia (2 Maec. iii, 5, 7). At the suggestion of Simon, the temple governor, lie instigated the king to plunder the Temple at Jerusa- lem, and generally took the severest measures against the Jews (2 Mace iv, 1). The writer of the Decla- mation on the Maccabees, printed among the works
of Josephus (De Mace. 4) relates of Apollonius the circumstances which are commonly referred to his emissary Heliodorus (2 Mace, iii, 7 sq.).
2. A son of Menestheus, and ambassador of King Antiochus Epiphanes to the Egyptian king Ptolemy Philometor, B.C. 173 (2 Mace, iv, 21). Perhaps he was the same as the "chief commissioner of tribute" (dpxojv QopoXoyiac) for Judcea, who, at the command of Antiochus Epiphanes on his return from Egypt (B.C. 168), committed such bloodshed in Jerusalem (2 Mace, v, 24 ; comp. 1 Mace, i, 29 sq.) ; next was governor in Samaria (Joseph. Ant. xii, 7, 1, which Michaelis, on 1 Mace, iii, 10, regards as a misinter- pretation), and finally lost his life in an encounter with Judas Maccabrcus, B.C. 166 (1 Mace, iii, 10 sq.). An ambassador of the same name was at the head of the embassy which Antiochus sent to Rome (Liv. xiii, 6).
3. A son of one Apollonius Gennajus, and a Syrian governor under Antiochus (V) Eupator (2 Mace, xii, 2). B.C. 163. If, however, we understand the sur- name as an ironical epithet (ytvi'aloc, noble), this Apollonius (but whether the father or the son would still be doubtful) may be identical with No 2.