According to the astronomical formula, the duration of distinct twilight at that time of the year in the lati- tude of Jerusalem (supposing there were no unusual refracting influences in the atmosphere) is 1 hour 40 minutes, which would make extreme daybreak occur about four o'clock, as it was near the time of the ver- nal equinox. The light of the full moon would enable the women to see their way even before dawn. Mark says ''early" (7rpwi. xvi, 9), and in the visit of the women he says "very early" (Xiav itouji, xvi, 2); but the descent of the angel must have occurred first, be- cause the women f und the stone rolled away on their arrival. The guard had probably just before been re- lieved (i. e. at the " daicn-watch" which began at this time of the year about three o'clock A.M., and cor- responds in its Greek title to the term here used by Mark), so that they had time to recover from their fright sufficiently to report their disaster without be- ing surprised in their plight by the arrival of a relay. See Guard. The distance the women had to go was not great. See Mary Magdalene.
Appellant (1.), a legal term, denoting one who requests the removal of a cause from an inferior to a superior court, when he thinks himself aggrieved by the sentence of the inferior judge. See Appeal.
(2.) The word appellant is particularly applied to those among the French clergy who appealed from the bull Unigenitus, issued by Pope Clement in 1713, either to the pope "better informed," or to a general council. The whole body of the French clergy and the several monasteries were divided into Appellants and Non- Appellants ; a signal instance of the unity of the Romish Church! See Unigenitus; Bull.
Apphia (pron. Affia, 'Air</>ia, prob. for 'Att-Ici. the Greek form of the Lat. name Appia), the name of a female affectionately saluted by Paul (A.D. 57) as a Christian at Colossse i Philemon 2); supposed byChry- KDStom and Tbeodoret t<> have been the wife of Phile- mon, witli whom, according to tradition, she suffered martyrdom. See Philemon.
Apphus (pron. Affus, 'Airfyovc, [and so Josephus, Ant. xii. '',.1 | v. r. Sa00oCc or EairQovc), the surname O Mare. ii. 5) of Jonathan Maccabseus (see Ewald, Gesch. Tsr. Ill, ii, 353), apparently (Frankel, Vorstud. BUT /.AY, p. Of.; from the Syro-Chald. 'i'-Etl, chappus', crafty (Grimm, Tlandb. in loc).
Ap'pii-fo'rum (Amriou ipopov, for the Lat. Ap- pii Forum, "market-place of Appius"), a market-town
(with a so-called mansio) in Italy, 43 Roman miles from Rome (Jtiner. Anton, p. 107, ed. Wessel ; Ttin. Hieros. p. Oil), on the great road (via Appia) from Rome to Brundusium, constructed by Appius LLudius (Suet. Tib. 2), and leading from Rome (by the Porta Capena) through the Pontine marshes (Hor. Sat. i, 5,
(3; Cic. Att. ii. 10; Plin. iii.9; xiv. B). The remains of an ancient town, supposed to be Appii-Forum, are still preserved at a place called Casarillo di Santa Ma- ria, on the border of the Pontine marshes (comp. Strabo, v, 233), and the 43d milestone is still extant
i (Chaupy, Maison d1 Horace, iii, 387-452; Pratilli, Via
' Appia, p. 99, 100). Its vicinity to the marshes ac- counts for the badness of the water, as mentioned by Horace (Sat. i, 5, 7), who describes it as full of taverns and boatmen. This arose from the circumstance that it was at the northern end of a canal which ran par- allel with the road through a considerable part of the Pontine marshes. When Paul was taken to Italy, some of the Christians of Rome, being apprised of his approach, journeyod to meet him as far as "Appii- Forum and the Three Taverns" (Acts xxviii, 15). The
i "Three Taverns" were eight or ten miles nearer to Rome than Appii-Forum (Antonin. Itin.). The prob- ability is that some of the Christians remained at the "Three Taverns," where it was known the advancing
j part}' would rest, while some others went on as far as Appii-Forum to meet Paul on the road (Conybcare and Howson, ii, 359). The journey was undoubtedly along the Appian Way, remains of which are still ex- tant. The "Three Taverns" (q. v.) was certainly a
j place for rest and refreshment (Cic. Attic, ii. 11, 13>,
[ perhaps on account of the bad water at Appii-Forum.
i It must be understood that Tres Tabernae was, in fact,
1 the name of a town (comp. Tkeol. Annal. 1818, p. 88G sq.); for in the time of Constantine, Felix, bishop of Tres Taberna;, was one of the nineteen bishops wdio were appointed to decide the controversy between Do- natus and Crecilianus (Optat. de Schism. Donat. i, 2G).
I As to the taberna? themselves, from which the place took its name, it is probable that they were shrps (" tabernae deversoria," Plaut. Trucul. iii, 2, 29) for the sale of all kinds of refreshments, rather than inns or places of entertainment for travellers. See generally Schwarz, Deforo Appii et trib. tabernis (Altdorf, 1746). — Kitto, s. v. See Paul.
Apple is the translation in the Auth. Vers, of the Heb. TOSH (tappu'ach, so called from its fragrance), 1 which is mentioned chiefly in the Canticles, ii, 3, " as I the apple-tree among the trees of the wood;" ver. 5, "Comfort me with apples, for I am sick of love ;" ver. ! 8, "The smell of thy nose like apples;" so in viii, 5. 1 Again, in Prov. xxv, 11, " A word fitly spoken is like I apples of gold in baskets of silver." In Joel i, 12, it is enumerated with the vine, the fig-tree, the palm, and pomegranate, as among the most valuable trees of Palestine. Tappuah ( q. v.) also occurs as the name of two places (Josh, xii, 13 ; xv, 34 ; xvi, 8), probably I from the abundance of the fruit in the vicinity.