The collected writings of St. Thomas fill twenty- three folio volumes. The following is the list of them, as given by Cave : 1. Exp-isitio in Ar/stofelis libros, etc. (Venice, 1496) :— '2. Comment, in 4 lib. Sent. P. Lombardi (Basle, 1492; and often): — 3. Qnrestioms disputtit r, 111, de Potentiu Dei; 1G, Di Malo, etc. ; 29, De Veritate: — 4. Qucesliones Quodlibeticce 12 (Cologne, 1471, 1491, etc.) : — 5. Summa Catholicm fi I ii contr.i Gentiles (Rome, 1476; Venice, 1480, fob, with notes by Fran, de Syl- vestris; Lyons, 1566, fob, with coram, by Franciscus Ferrariensis, Paris, 1642, 2 vols, fob) :— 6. Expositio in lib. B. Dlonysii de divinis Nominibus: — 7. Summa Theo- logies (Cologne, 1604 ; Douai, 1614 ; Antwerp, 1624 ; Paris, 1633 ; Bologna, with comm. of Cajetan, 1514 ; with that of Caponus, Cajetan, and Javellus, Venice, 1596, 5 vols, fob):— S. Expjsitio in Lib. B. Jobi:—0. Erposit'o in blmam Psalmorum Davidis (Lyons, 1520, 8vo) : — 10. Expositio in Canticum Can'icorum (1545, 8vo ; Paris, 1634, 4to) : — 11. Erpositio in Esainm Proph. : — 12. Expositio in Jeremiam Proph. (Lyons, 1531, 8vo) : — 13. Erpositio in Threnos Jeremice (attributed by some to Thomas, an Englishman). The last three publish- ed together in fob at Venice in 1527 : — 14. Expositio in Eoang. S. Johannis : — 15. Catena Aurea in 4 Evang. (Lyons, 1530, 8vo; Antwerp, 1578): — 16. Expositio in Pau'i Epistolas (Basle, 1475; with comm. of Cajetan, Bologna, 1481, fob) :— 17. Ssrmones (Rome, 1571, 8vo) : — 18. Opuscula 73. Of these, many are doubtful. All the above were collected and published at Rome, 1568 and 1570, in 17 vols; ; Venice, 1587 and 1594; Douai, 160?; Antwerp, 1612; Paris, 1634, 1655, 1660, in 23 vols. In some of the latjr of these editions another vol. was added, containing, 19. Comment, in Genesim : — 20. Comment, in Lib. Maccab. : — 21. Comment, in omnes Episto'as Canonicas: — 22. Comment, in Apocalyp- sen: — 23. C>:nm-n>. in D inielem Proph. : — 24. Comment. in Bxthii libros de Cmsolathne Philosophic The chief part of the six works last mentioned are, according to Cave, to be attributed to Thomas Anglus (Cave, Hist. Lit. ii, 308, cited by Landon, ii, 477). The best edition of the works of Aquinas is the edi'io Veneti altera, con- taining his life by Echard, and commentaries by Ru- beis (28 vols. 4to, Venet. 1775). Of his most important work, the S'im'nc Th",ologh>, many editions have been printed. His Catena Aurea, translated into English, was published at Oxford, 1845 (7 parts 8vo). "" The best recent books on Aquinas are Werner, Th mas von Aquino (Ratisbon, 1858-6 I, 3 vols.) ; Kling, Dsscrip'io Summce T. Aqvinaiis (Bonn, 1846); Rietter, Mural d. hsiligen Thoma s (.Munich, 1858, 2 vols.) ; Goudin, Philos. juxta Thorn e dogmata (Par. 1861); Jourdain, LaPhilos. de St. Thorn is d'Aquiri (Par. 1858, 2 vols.) ; Hampden, Life of Thomas Aquinas (Lond. 1848). See also Ilau- reau, Ph'l is. Scolast. vol. ii, cap. xx ; Xeander,C/?. Hist. iv, 421 ; Mozley, On Predestiwi/i m, p. 260 sq. ; Tenne- mann, M.mualHist. Phi'. § 266 ; Cave, Hist. Lit. anno 1255 ; Xemder, Hist, of D >gmas, ii, 542 et al. ; Hagen- bach, Hist, of Doctr. ; Shedd, Hist. qfDoctr. ; Herzog, Real-Encykl. xvi, 60 ; Dupin, Eccl. Writers, cent. xiii.
Aquino, Philip of, a learned rabbin, whose real name was Mardochai. He was born at Carpentras ; but, on liis expressing a desire to embrace Christianity, he found it necessary to leave France, and went to Naples, and was baptized at Aquino, whence his name. He died at Paris in 1650, where he had been made roy-
1 al professor of Hebrew at the College de France. He assisted Le Jay in his Polyglot, and published Dictio- narium Heb. Chald. Talm. Rabbinicum (Paris, 1629, fol.) ; liodic<s Linguae Sanctce (Paris, 1620, 16mo); Rabbinical Co mm. (.n the Pentateuch and Psalms (Latin; Paris,
I 1620, 4 to) ; with other works of less importance, and
: several still in MS., among them a version of the N. T. in Hebrew, with notes. His son Louis translated into Latin the Comm. of Levi Ben Gerson on Job and Esther
, (Par. 1622, 4to).— Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generate, ii, 'J4G.
' ^ Ar (Heb. id. "IS i. q. lis, a city; Sept.'Ap [v. r. "Hp in Num. xxi, 15], Deut. ii, 29; fully Ar-Moab, Num. xxi, 28 ; Isa. xv, 1 ; also city of Moab, Num. xxii, 36 ; prob. also for JMoabitis or the whole coun- try, Deut. ii, 9, 18), the capital city of the Moabitcs (Num. xxi, 28 ; Deut. ii, 9, 18, 29), near (south of) the river Anion (Deut. ii, 18, 24 ; Num. xxi, 13-15). It appears to have been burnt by King Sihon (Num. xxi, 28), and Isaiah, in describing the future calamities of the Moabites, says, " In the night Ar of Moab is laid waste and brought to silence" (Isa. xv, 1). In bis comment on this passage, Jerome states that in his youth there was a great earthquake, by which Ar was destroyed in the night-time. This he evidenth' re- gards as a fulfilment of the prediction, which, how- ever, had probably some less remote reference. Lat- terly the name of the city was Graecized Areopolis ('Apeu-oXig, q. d. "city of Mars"). It was an epis- copal city of the Third Palestine (Reland, Palcest. p. 577 sq.). According to Theodoret (Comment, in Isa. xv, xxix), it was sometimes called Ariel. This city was also called Uahbah or Rabbath, and, to distinguish it from Rabbath of Amnion, Rabba/h-Moob. Ptolemy calls it Rabmathon; Steph. Byzantinus, Rabathmoma; and Abulfeda (Tab. Syr. p. 90), Rabbath, and also Mob. Hengstenberg (Bileam, p. 236) thinks it is the modern Mehalet el-IIaj, near the Arnon (Burckhardt, iii, 636) ; but it is usually identified with the site that still bears the name of Rabba, visited and described by Seetzen, Burckhardt, Legh, Macmichael, and Irby and Mangles. It is about 17 miles east of the Dead Sea, 10 miles south cf the Arnon (Mojeb), and about the same distance north of Kerak (Robinson, Re- searches, ii, 569). The ruins of Rabbah are situated on a low hill, which commands the whole plain. They present nothing of interest except two old Roman temples and some tanks. Irbj' and Mangles (Letters, p. 457) remark, with surprise, that the whole circuit of the town does not seem to have exceeded a mile. Burckhardt says, "half an hour in circuit," and that no trace of walls could be found ; but it is obvious from the descriptions that the city whose ruins they saw was a comparatively modern town, less important and extensive than the ancient metropolis of Moab (Syria, p. 374, 377).— Kitto, s. v. See Moab.