ruary 20.th, 1413.— Collier, Eccl. Hist, of England, iii, 213-301.
Ar'vad (Heb. Arvad', THX, tcandering ; Sept. 'ApaSiot, but properly "Apadotj, 1 Mace, xv, 23, or, as it might be spelt, Arud, 'M'HK, whence the present name Ruad), a small island and city on the coast of Syria, called by the Greeks Aradus (q. v.), by which name it is mentioned in the above passage of the Apoc- rypha. It is a rocky islet, opposite the mouth of the river Eleutherus (Mel. ii, 7), 50 miles to the north of Tripoli (Itin. Anton.), about one mile in circumfer- ence (Curt, iv, 1, 6), and two miles (Pliny, v, 17) from the shore (Rosenmiiller, Handb. Bibl. Alt. II, i, 7; Mannert, VI, i, 398 ; Pococke, East, ii, 292 sq. ; Ilames- veld, iii, 44 sq.). Strabo (xvi, p. 753) describes it as a rock rising in the midst of the waves; and modern travellers state that it is steep on every side. (See Volney, ii, 131 ; Niebuhr, Reisen, iii, 92 ; Buckingham, ii, 435; Chesnej', Euphrat. Exped. i, 451; Shaw, p. 232.) Strabo also describes the houses as exceedingly lofty, and they were doubtless so built on account of the scantiness of the site ; hence, for its size, it was ex- ceedingly populous (Pomp. Mela, ii, 7, 6). Those of the Arvadites whom the island could not accommodate found room in the town and district of Antaradus (q. v.), on the opposite coast, which also belonged to them ( Targ. Hieros. in Gen . x, 18). Arvad is usually regard- ed as the same with A rpad (q. v.) or Arphad (but see Miehaelis, Oriental. Bibl. viii, 45). It is mentioned in Ezek. xxvii, 8, 11, as furnishing mariners and soldiers for Tyre, which was situated on the shore opposite. In agreement with this is the mention of "the Arvad- ite" (q. v.) in Gen. x, 18, and 1 Chron. i, 16, as a son of Canaan, with Zidon, Hamath, and other northern localities. It was founded, according to Strabo (xvi, 2, § 13), by fugitives from Sidon (comp. Josephus, A nt. i, 6, 2); hence probabty the etymology of the name as above. Tarsus was settled by a colony from it (Dion Chrys. Oral. Tarsen. ii, 20, ed. Reiske). Although originally independent (Arrian, Alex, ii, 90\ and, in- deed, the metropolis of the strip of land adjoining it, it eventually fell under the power of Persia, but assisted the Macedonians in the siege of Tyre (Arrian, Anab. i, 13, 20). It thence passed into the hands of the Ptole- mies (B.C. 320); but, regaining its liberty under Se- leucus Callinicus (B.C. 242), it attained such impor- tance as to form an alliance with Antiochus the Great (Eckhel, Doctr. num. i, 393). Antiochus Epiphanes,
of Aradus.
however, took forcible mastery over it (Jerome in Dan. xi), and after becoming involved in the broils of his successors, it finally came under the power of Tigrancs, and with his fall became subject to Rome, into whose triumviral wars its history enters (Appian, Bell. Civ. iv, 69; v, 1). Under the Emperor Constans, Muawi- yeh, the lieutenant of the Caliph Omar, destroyed the city and expelled its inhabitants (Cedren. Hist. p. 355; Theophan. p. 227). It was not rebuilt in mediaeval times (Mignot, Mem. de V Acad, des Inscript. xxxiv, 229). The curious submarine springs from which th" ancient city was supplied with water (Strabo, ed. Gros- kund, p. 754 n.) have been partially discovered (AVal- pole, Ansayrii, iii, 391). The site is now covered, ex- cept a small space on the east side, with heavy castles, within which resides a maritime population of aboirt 2000 souls. ' On the very margin of the sea there are the
ARYADITE
450
ASA
remains of double Phoenician walls, of huge bevelled Stoni s. which mark it as being anciently a very strong place i Bibliotheca Sacra, 1848, p. 251). The nautical pursuits of the inhabitants, attested also by Strabo (ut sup.), remain in full force (see Allen's Bead Sea, ii, 183, at the end of which vol. may be found a plan of the island, from the Admiralty Charts, 2050, "Island of Ruad"). See Cuneiform Inscriptions.
Ar'vadite (Heb. Arvadi', ^"HIX, Sept. 'Apddioe, Gen. x, 18; 1 Chron. i, 16), an inhabitant of the isl- and Aradus or Arvad (q. v.) (so Josephus explains 'ApovSdioi, Ant. i, 6, 2), and doubtless also of the neigh- boring coast. The Arvadites were descended from one of the sons of Canaan (Gen. x, 18). Strabo (xvi, 731) describes the Arvadites as a colony from Sidon. They were noted mariners (Ezek. xxvii, 8, 11 ; Strabo, xvi, 754), and formed a distinct state, with a king of their own (Arrian, Exped. A lex. ii, 90) ; yet they appear to have been in some dependence upon Tyre, for the prophet represents them as furnishing their contingent of mariners to that city (Ezek. xxvii, 8, 11). The Ar- vadites took their full share in Phoenician maritime traf- fic, particularly after Tyre and Sidon had fallen under the dominion of the Graeco-Syrian kings. They early entered into alliance with the Romans, and Aradus is mentioned among the states to which the consul Lucius formally made known the league which had been con- tracted with Simon Maccabaeus (1 Mace, xv, 23).
Aryeh. See Lion.
Ar'za (Heb. Artsa' ', N^"iX, an Aramaean form, the earth; Sept. 'Qpaci v. r. 'Apaa), a steward over the house of Elah, king of Israel, in whose house at Tir- zah, Zimri, the captain of the half of the chariots, con- spired against Elah, and killed him during a drinking debauch (1 Kings xvi, 9), B.C. 926".