Auditores (hearers'). The Manichaeans were di- vided into electi and auditores, corresponding, accord- ing to some writers, to clergy and laity, and, accord- ing to others, to the faithful and catechumens. By the Manichsean rule a different courseof conduct was prescribed to the elect from that of the auditors. The latter might eat flesh, drink wine, bathe, marry, trade, possess estates, etc., all which things were forbidden to the elect. — Moshcim, Comm. ii, 399 ; Farrar, s. v.
Au'gia (Ai'71'0), the daughter of Berzelees and wife of Addus (1 Esdr. v, 38), probably a conjecture of the copyists or translator, since her name is not given in either of the genuine texts (Ezra ii, 61 ; Neh. vii, 63), nor even in the Vulg. at the passage in Esdras.
Augian Manuscript (Codex Augiensis), a Creek and Latin MS. of the epistles of Paul, supposed to have been written in the latter half of the ninth century, and so called from Avgia major, the name of a monastery at Rheinau, to which it belonged. After passing through sevei-al hands, it was, in 1718, pur- chased by Dr. Bentley for 250 Dutch florins, and it is now in the library of Trinity College, Cambridge. This noted MS, F, is contained on 136 leaves of good vellum, 4to (the signatures proving that 7 more are lost), 9 inches by 7£, with the two languages in paral- lel columns of 28 lines on each page, the Greek being always inside, the Latin next the edge of the book. It is neatly written in uncial letters, and without accents ; not coniinua serie, as is common with more ancient copies, but with intervals between the words, and a dot at the end of each. The Greek text is very valu- able. The Latin is a pure form of the Vulgate, but in the style of character usually called the Anglo-Saxon, whence it is tolerably clear that it must have been written in the west of Europe, where that formation of letters Mas in general use between the seventh and twelfth centuries. The first sheets, containing Ptom. i, 1 iii. 10, are wholly absent; in four passages (1 Cor. iii. 8 16; vi, 7 11; Col. ii, 1-8; Philem. 21-25), the Greek column is empty, although the Latin is given; in the epistle to the Hebrews, the Latin occupies both columns, the Greek being absent. Tischendorf exam- ined ii in is 12, and Tregelles in 1845. Scrivener pub- lished an editi f this Codex in common type (Lond.
1859, 8vo), with prolegomena and a photograph of one rregelles,in Home's tntrod. iv, 197, 255; Scriv- ener, Tnlrod. p. 133 sq. See Manuscripts.
Augsburg Confession (Confessio Augustand), thefirsl Protestant confession of faith.
I. History.- Alter Charles V concluded peace with France, he Bummoned a German Diet to meetatAugs- burg April 8, 1530. The writ of invitation called for aid against the Turks, who i„ 1529 had besieged Vi- enna; it also promised a discussion of the religions questions of the time, and Buch a settlement of them as both to abolish existing abuses and to satisfy the demands of the pope. Elector John of Saxony," who
this writ March 11, directed (March 1-1) Lu- ther, Jonas, Bugenhagen, and Melancthon to meet in Torgau (q. v.), and draw up a summary of the most important and necessary articles of faith, in support of which the evangelical princes and states should combine. These theologians (with the exception of Jonas, who joined them somewhat later) drew up a profession of their faith on the ground of the seventeen articles which had been prepared by Luther for the convention at Schwalbach (q. v.), and fifteen other articles, which had been drawn up at the theological colloquy at Marburg (q. v.), Oct. 3, 1529, and subse- quently presented to the Saxon elector John at Tor- gau. (The articles of Schwalbach were for the first time published by Hcppe, in Niedner's Zeitschrift fur histor. Theologie, 1848, 1st number.) The first draft made by the four theologians, in seventeen articles, was at once published, and called forth a joint reply from Wimpina, Mensing, Redoerfer, and Dr. Elgers, which Luther immediately answered. The subject of the controversy had thus become generally known. Luther, Melancthon, and Jonas were invited by the I Saxon elector to accompany him to Augsburg. Sub- j sequently it was, however, deemed best for Luther's safety to leave him behind. Melancthon, soon after his arrival at Augsburg, completed the Confession, and gave to it the name of Apologia. On May 11 he sent it to Luther, who was then at Coburg, and on May 15 he received from Luther an approving an- swer. Several alterations Avere suggested to Melanc- thon in his conferences with Jonas, the Saxon chancel- lor Bri'iek, the conciliatory bishop Stadion of Augs- burg, and the imperial secretary Valdes. To the lat- 1 ter, upon his request, 17 articles were handed by Me- ! lancthon, with the consent of the Saxon elector, and he was to have a preliminary discussion concerning them I with the papal legate Pimpinelli. Upon the opening of the Diet, June 20, the evangelical theologians who : were present — Melancthon, Jonas, Agricola, Brenz, Schnepf, and others — presented the Confession to the elector. The latter, on June 23, had it signed by the evangelical princes and representatives of cities who were present. The}' were the following : John, elec- ; tor of Saxon}- ; George, margrave of Brandenburg ; I Ernest, duke of Lunenburg ; Philip, landgrave of I Hesse ; John Frederic, duke of Saxe ; Francis, duke of Lunenburg ; Wolfgang, prince of Anhalt ; and the S magistrates of Nuremberg and Reutlingen. The em- i peror had ordered the Confession to be presented to him j at the next session, June 24; but when the evangel- : ical princes asked for permission to read it, their peti- ; tion was refused, and efforts were made to prevent the public reading of the document altogether. The evan- gelical princes declared, however, that they would not part with the Confession until its reading should be I allowed. The 25th was then fixed for the day of its : presentation. In order to exclude the people, the lit- tle chapel of the episcopal palace was appointed in the place of the spacious City Hall, where the meetings of the Diet were held. In this episcopal chapel the Prot- i estant princes assembled on the appointed day, Satur- day, June 25, 1530, at 3 P.M. The Saxon chancellor 1 Bruck (Pontanus) held in his hands the Latin, Dr. Christian Bayer the German copy. They stepped into I the middle of the assembly, and all the Protestant princes rose from their seats, but were commanded to sit down. The emperor wished to hear first the Latin copy read, but the elector replied that they were on I German ground ; whereupon the emperor consented j to the reading of the German copy, which was done by Dr. Bayer. The reading lasted from 4 to 6 o'clock. The reading being over, the emperor commanded both copies to be given to him. The German copy he hand- j ed to the archbishop of Mayence, the Latin he took along to Brussels. Neither of them is now extant, lie promised to take this highly important matter into serious consideration, and make known his decision ;