The ApcAogy of the Augsburg Confession contains six- teen articles, which treat of original sin, justification by faith, fulfilment of the law, penitence, repentance, confession, satisfaction, number and use of the sac- raments, human ordinances, invocation of the saints, communion in both kinds, celibacy, monastic vows, and ecclesiastical jurisdiction. The " Confessio," with the "Apologia," may be found in Francke, Libri Sym- bolici Eccleske. Lutherance (Lips. 1847, 12mo) ; in Hase, Libri Symbolici Ecd. Evangelicce (Lips. 1846, 12mo), which contains also the papal Augustance Confessionis Resptnsio of Faber, in Tittmann, Libri Symbolici (1817, 8vo). It has also been edited by Winer (1825), Zwei- ten (1840, 1850), Francke (1846), Muller (1848), Heppe (Kassel, 1855). There are woiks on the history of the Confession by Chytrseus (Rost. 1576); Muller (Jena, 1705); Cyprian (Gotha, 1730); Salig {Ilistorie der A. C. unci dertn Apologie, Halle, 1730, 3 vols.); Weber (Kritische. Gcsch. der A . C. Leipz. 1783, 2 vols.) ; Rot- termund (Hann. 1830); Danz {D.'eA.C. nach Hirer Gesch. Jena, 1829) ; Rudelbach {Ilistorische Einlcitunq in d'e A. C. Dresd. 1841); Ruckert {Linkers Verhalt- niss zur A . C. Jena, 1854) ; Calinich {Luther und die. A . C. Leipzig, 1861). See also Erang. Qu. Review, April, 1864, art. 6; Zeitsch rift far hist. Theol. 1865, Heft. 3; Hardwiek, Hist, of 32 Articles, ch. ii ; Smith's Hagen- bach, Hist, of Bactrim s, § 215; Gieseler, Church His- tory (Smith's edit/), iv, 432. The history and liter- ature of the " Confession" are given in a very sum- mary but accurate way by Hase, in his Prohgomcna, etc., to the Lib. Symb. ; see also Guericke, Christliche Symbolic, § 14. On the relation of the Variata edition of 1540 to the original, see Heppe, Die confessionelle EntiricHung der alt-proUstantischtn Kirche Deutschlands (Marb. 1854); Forstemann, Urkundenbuch (Halle, 1833-35). English versions of the " Confession" have been published by Rev. W. H. Teale (Leeds, 184l') ; also in P. Hall's Harmony of Confessions (Lond. 1*42), and in Barrow, Summary oj' Christian Faith and Prac- tice, vol. i (London, 1822, 3 vols. 12mo) ; the latest American edition is Henkel's, of Baltimore, 1853 (a re- vised translation). See Confessions.
Augsburg Interim. See Interim.
Augusta, John, a Bohemian theologian, born at Prague in 1500, died Jan. 13th, 1575. He studied at Wittenberg under Luther and Melancthon, with whom he subsequently remained in correspondence, without, however, adopting all the views of Luther. He be-
AUGUSTI
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AUGUSTINE
oame a minister of the Bohemian brethren, and subse- quently a bishop in the Church. He tried to bring about an understanding among the Protestants at an inten iew with Luther in 1542. After the Schmalkal- dic war many of the Bohemian brethren were banished, and Augusta, together with the chief preachers, was To recover his liberty, he consented to join again the " Ctraquists," to whom he had originally be- longed, but he refused to make a public retractation. He was liberated in 15G4, but had to pledge himself by not to teach or preach. He is the author of an '• Outline of the doctrine of the Bohemian Brethren," and of two works on "the Duties of the Christian Re- ligion" and on " Temptations." — Hoefer, Biographie Generate, Hi, G42-
Augusti, Christian Johann Wilhelm, a Ger- man theologian, was born 27th of October. 1772, at Eschenberg, near Gotha, where his father was pastor. He wis educated in the gymnasium of Gotha and at the University of Jena, where, under Griesbach, he devoted himself to theology and philology. In 1798 he began teaching at Jena. In 1800 he was made pro- fessor extraordinary, and in 1803 he succeeded Ilgen in the chair of Oriental literature, which he exchanged in 1807 for that of theology. In 1812 he accepted the chair of theology in the University of Breslau, in ad- dition to which he was honored with a seat in the con- sistory of the province of Silesia. His influence upon the University of Breslau, and upon all the education- al establishments of Silesia, was very great. At the time when the French marched into Russia, Augusti was rector of the university, and it was owing to his intrepidity and patriotic spirit that the property of the university was saved. In 1819 he was appointed pro- fessor of theology in the newly-established University of Bonn, and received the title of councillor of the Consistory at Cologne. In 1K28 he was appointed di- rector of the Consistory of ( "oblenz. Notwithstanding his numerous duties, he still continued his lectures in the university until his death, 2.Sth April, 1841. Au- gusti was one of the most voluminous theological writers of Germany. He was originally led by the influence of Griesbach to join the critical or philosoph- ical school of theology, but this did not suit his natural bi is, which was more inclined to maintain things as tiny are than to speculative investigations; and dur- ing the last forty years of his life he was a zealous, al- though not a bigoted advocate of the established form of religion. In doctrine he maybe considered an or- thodox Lutheran. II is writings, most of which are of a historical or archaeological nature, are useful as if reference, but they are deficient in elegance and simplicity of form, and contain more evidence of learning and industry than of the true spirit of a his- torian. The most important of all his works is the /' !■!. ourdigkeiten mis der christlichen Archaologie (12 vols. 8vo, Leipz. 1817-1K31), which be subsequently condensed into the Handbuch d. ckristl. Archaologie (Leipz. 1837, 3 vols, 8vo). Among his other works are Lehrbueh d. christl. Dogmengesckichte (Leipz. 1835, 4th ed. 8vo); Beitriige -. christl. Kiiustgcschichte u.Li- twgik (Leipz. 184] 46, 2 vols. 8vo); Einleitung in das all Testament (Leipz. last ed. 1827) ; System der christl. L ipz. last ed. 1826); Corpus Ubrorum sym- bol, eccl ■- reform. (Elberf. 1827).— English Cyclopw- d i ■. Herzog, ReaUEncyhlop. Supplem. i, 123.