T.AKKFOOT
G6G
15AR-JONA
would perish on the dissolution of his component par- ticles. Be taught that the Boul, created pure, was not originally clothed with flesh, but after the fell was im- prisoned in flesh, the "coat of skins" of Gen. iii, 21 (comp. ('Inn. Alex. Strom, iii, JOG). Hence a per- petual conflict) the union of soul and body is the Cause of all existing evils, and hence the apostle's de- -ir • to be (reed from the " body of this death" (Rom. vii. 24). To deliver man, Christ came, not in sinful flesh, but with an ethereal body; through the Virgin, but not formed of her substance (dtct Mapiag dXX' ovk te Maniac). Fasting and subjugation of the body are the means of becoming like Christ; and his followers at the resurrection will have a body like his (1 Cor. xv, 37), with which, and not with "flesh and blood," they shall inherit the kingdom (1 Cor. xv, 50). Bar- desanes was the first Syrian hymn-writer, and his hymns, being very attractive, were popular, and con- tributed largely to diffuse his opinions. As a poet, his fame rested upon the 150 psalms which, in imita- tion of David, he composed for the edification of his countrymen. The popularity of this work was im- mense* and when Ephrem "Syrus subsequently re- placed it by another more agreeable to sound doctrine, he was compelled to associate his orthodoxy with the heretical tunes to which the musical genius of his an- tagonist had given birth. None of Bardesanes's psalms are preserved, and we only know that bis met- rical system was entirely of his own invention, and was based upon accent instead of quantity. Nor are any of his prose writings extant; a dialogue under his name, fragments of which have been preserved by Eu- sebius, being undoubtedly spurious, and chiefly derived from the Pseudo-Clementine Recoc/nitiones. See Hil- genfeld, Bardes ines, der letzte Gnostiker (Leips. 1864) ; North British Review, Aug. 1853, art. vi ; Christian R membrancer, Jan. 1856, p. 201 ; Lardner, Works, ii, 318 Bq, : Origen, Dial. emit. Marcionitas ; Jeremie, t larch History, p. 125 ; Jour. Sac. Lit. Jan. 1856, p. 256; Eosebius, Eccl. Hist, iv, 30; Augustine, De Hares. xxxv ; Mosheim, Comm, i, 477 ; Beausobre, Hist, du Mamcheisme, t. ii, 1. iv, c. 9; Hahn, Bardesanes Gnos- rtCiM t Lips. 1819) ; Kuhner, Bardesanis numina astralia (Ilildb. 183;;); Neander, Church His/or;/, i, 441. See Gnosticism.
Barefoot (Heb. T~", yacheph', '•unshod," Jcr. ii, 25). To go barefoot was an indication of great distress (Isa. xx. :.', 3. Ii; for in ancient times the shoes of great ami wealthy persons were made of very rich ma- terial-, and ornamented with jewels, gold, and silver. See Shoe. When any great calamity befell them, cither public or private, they not only stripped them- selves of these ornaments, but of their very shoes, and talked baref ot (2 Sam. xv, 20). See Grief. Per- son- were also accustomed to put off their shoes on spots account d holy (Exod. iii, 5). Sec Attire. Barefooted Monks. See Discalceati. Bareketh. See Carbuncle.
Bargain. Buying and selling in the E ist are very tiresome processes to persons unaccustomed to such of bargaining. When a shopkeeper is asked the price of any of his goods, he generally demands more than he expects to receive: the customer de- clares the price exorbitant, and offers about half or two thirds of the sum first named. The price thus bidden i-. of course, rejected ; but the shopkeeper low- ers Id- demand, and then the customer in his turn bids somewhat higher than bi lore. 'I bus they usually go on. until they meet about halfway between the sum tir-t demanded and thai firsl offered, and so the bar- gain i- concluded. To a regular customer, or one who makes an} considerable purchase, the shopkeeper gen- erally presents a pip- (unless the former have his own with him. and it be filled and lighted), and he calls or
sends to the boy of the nearest coffee-shop and desires him to bring some coffee, which i- served in the same
[ manner as in the house, in small china cups placed within cups of brass. When a person would make any
| but a trifling purchase, having found the article that exactly suits him, he generally makes up his mind for a long altercation ; he mounts upon the mastab'ah of
j the shop, seats himself at his ease, fills and lights his
' pipe, and then the contest of words commences, and lasts often half an hour, or even more. Among the lower orders a bargain of the most trifling nature is
I often made with a great deal of vehemence of voice and gesture. A person ignorant of their language
! would imagine that the parties engaged in it were quarrelling, and highly enraged. The peasants will
j often say, when a person asks the price of any thing which they have for sale, "Receive it as a present,"
I as Ephron did to Abraham when the latter expressed his wish to purchase the cave and field of Machpelah (Gen. xxxiii, 11). This answer having become a com- mon form of speech, they know that advantage will not
j he taken of it ; and when desired again to name the price, they will do so, but generally name a sum that