Barlaam, a Calabrian monk of St. Basil. He was the end of March, when the later (autumnal) crop had educated among the Latins, but afterward went over to ! only been lately sown (Beschreib. von Arabien, p. 160). the Greeks. He is chiefly known for his attack upon the [ It was earlier than wheat (Exod. ix, 31), and less Hesychists or Quietists, as the monks of Mount Athos j prized (Thomson, Land and Booh, ii, 166), although were styled, who held certain very peculiar views, reckoned among the valuable products of the promised The question was brought before a synod at Constant'!- land in Deut. viii, 8. We read of barley-meal in Num. nople in 1341, but nothing was definitively determined, v, 15, of barley-bread in Judg. vii, 13, and barley-cakes In 1339 Barlaam went to Pope John, at Avignon, to in Ezek. iv, 12. It was measured by the ephah and induce him to take up the case, but in vain. He was I homer. The jealousy-offering (Num. v, 15) was to be
afterward condemned in various synods. He then for- sook the Greek side, and took part with the Latins, strenuously opposing the dogmas peculiar to the Greek Church, for which service he was rewarded with the see of Gierace, in Naples. He was the Greek tutor of Petrarch. He died about A.D. 1:98. He wrote a number of controversial bocks, and ami ng them a Li- ber contra Primatum Papce (Oxford, 1592 ; Hanov. 1638). Also Ethica secundum Stoicos, lib. 2 (Bib. Mar. Pat. xxvi, 4). See Cave, Hist. Lit. aim. 1340 ; Floefer, Liioij. Generate, iv, 575 ; Landon, Feci. Diet, ii, Hesychists.
barley-meal, though the common mincha was of fino wheat-flour (Lev. ii, 1), the meaner grain being ap- pointed to denote the vile condition of the person on whose behalf it was offered. The purchase-money of the adulteress in Hos. iii, 2, is generally believed to be a mean price. See Cereals.
The passage in Isa. xxxii, 20, has been supposed by many to refer to rice, as a mode of culture by submer- sion of the land after sowing, similar to that of rice, is indicated. The celebrated passage, "Cast thy bread See! upon the waters," etc. (Eccles. xi, 1), has been by I some supposed to refer also to such a mode of culture.
Barletta, Gabriel, a Dominican monk of Barlet- 1 But it is precarious to build so important a conclusion ta, in Naples, who was living in 1-180. He became ro j as that rice had been so early introduced into the distinguished as a preacher that it was a saving in his Levant upon such slight indications; and it now ap- time, "Qui nescit Barlettare nescit prajdicare." He | Pears that barley is in some parts subjected to the published some extraordinary sermons, entitled Ser- j same submersion after sowing as rice, as was particu- ffionn a Septuagesima ad Feriam tertium post Pascha. I krly noticed by Major Skinner (., 320) in the vicinity Item Sermones 28 de Sanctis. Item Sermones 3, de Pau- | of Damascus. In Exod. ix, 31, we are told that the cite salvandorum, de Ira Dei, et de Chords, et 4 pro Plag™s of hail, some time before the Passover, destroy- Dominicis Acbentus (Brescia, 1498, Bio,,. Un>r. ; Paris, | «1 the barley, which was then in the green ear; but 1502), etc.— Biog. Univ. iii, 384; Landon, Eccles. Die- .not the wheat or the rye, which were only in the iionary ii 37. " I blade. This is minutely corroborated by the tact that
„''".. , . „ .,.,., . the barley sown after the inundation is reaped, some
Barley (ST^S, seorah , from its bristling beard; I after nine'ty dayg] some in the fourth month cWKkm-
the plur. C^SIB, scorini ', designates the grains; Gr. son's Thebes, p. 395), and that it there ripens a month tcp&ij), a grain mentioned in Scripture as cultivated \ earlier than the wheat (Sonnini, p. 395). — Kitto, s. v. and used in Egypt (Exod. ix, 31), and in Palestine I See Agriculture.
(Lev. xxvii, 16; Num. v, 15; Deut. viii, 8; 2 Chron. I Barlow, Thomas, Bishop of Lincoln, born in ii, 10; Ruth ii, 17; 2 Sam. xiv, 30; Isa. xxviii, 25; i Westmoreland in 1607; educated at Appleby, and re- Jer. xli, 8 : Joel i, 11 ; etc.). Barley was given to cat- moved thence to Queen's College, Oxford. Although tie, especially horses (1 Kings iv, 28), and was, indeed, ! no favorer of the Parliamentary party, he retained his the only corn grain given to them, as oats and rye fellowship through the Commonwealth, and in 1054 were unknown to the Hebrews, and are not now grown was appointed keeper of the Bodleian. Afterward he in Palestine, although Volney affirms (ii, 117) that was made provost of his college, Lady-Margaret pro- small quantities are raised in some parts of Syria as fessor, and in 1675 Bishop of Lincoln, being then near- food for horses (comp. Homer, //. v, 196). Hence ly seventy years of age. He never removed to his see. barley is mentioned in the Mishna (Pesach, fol. 3) as ' He died in 1691, on the 8th of October. He was of the the food of horses and asses. This is still the chief use Calvinistic school of theology, and left, among other of barley in Western Asia. Bread made of barlej- was, | writings, the following, viz. : (1.) The Case of Tolera- however, used by the poorer classes (Judg. vii, 13; 2 tion in Matters of Religion (1660) ; (2.) The Original Kings iv, 42 ; John vi, 9, 13; comp. Ezek. iv, 9). In ' of Sinecures (1676) ; (3.) Popery, or the Principles and Palestine barley was for the most part sown at the time j Opinions of the Church of Rome ; (4.) Brntum fulrm », of the autumnal rains, October — November (Lightfoot, \ or the Bull of Pope Pins V, etc. (Lond. 1681, 4to). After Hor. Hebr. ad Matt, xii, 1), and again in early spring, ! his death, Sir Peter Pett published a volume of Cases