usual to preach Christ. But the Jews at once laid hands on him, shut him up till night, then dragged him forth, and, after stoning him, endeavored to burn his mangled body. The corpse, however, resisted the action of the flames ; Mark secretly conveyed it to a cave about five stadia from the city; he then joined Paul at Epbesus, and afterward accompanied him to Rome. A violent persecution, consequent on the death of Barnabas, scattered the Christians at Salamis, so that a knowledge of the place of his interment was lost. This account agrees with that of the pseudo Mark, ex- cepting that, according to the latter, the corpse was reduced to ashes. Under the emperor Zeno (A.D. 474-491), Alexander goes on to say, Peter Fullo, a noted Monophysite, became patriarch of Constantino- ple. He aimed at bringing the Cyprian church under his patriarchate, in which attempt he was supported by the emperor. When the Bishop of Salamis, a very worthy man, but an indifferent debater, was called upon to defend bis rights publicly at Constantinople, he was thrown into the greatest perplexity. But Bar- nabas took compassion on his fellow-countryman, ap- peared to him by night no less than three times, as- sured him of success, and told him where he might find his body, with a copy of Matthew's gospel lying upon it. The bishop awoke, assembled the clergy and laity, and found the body as described. The sequel may easily be conjectured. Fullo was expelled from Antioch ; the independence of the Cyprian church ac- knowledged ; the manuscript of Matthew's gospel was deposited in the palace at Constantinople, and at Easter lessons were publicly read from it; and by the em- peror's command a church was erected on the spot where the corpse had been interred. These suspicious visions of Barnabas are termed by Dr. Cave "a mere addition to the story, designed only to serve a present turn, to gain credit to the cause, and advance it with the emperor." Neither Alexander nor Theodore is very explicit respecting the copy of Matthew's gospel which was found with the corpse of Barnabas. '1 he former represents Barnabas as sa3'ing to Anthemius, "There my whole body is deposited, and an autograph gospel which I received from Matthew." Theodore says, " Having on his breast the Gospel according to Matthew, an autograph of Barnabas." The pseudo Mark omits the latter circumstance. If we believe that, as Alexander reports, it was read at Constantino- ple, it must have been written, not in Hebrew, but in Greek. The year wdien Barnabas died cannot be de- termined with certainty; if his nephew joined Paul after that event, it must have taken place not later than A.D. 56 or 57. "Chrysostom," it has been as- serted, "speaks of Barnabas as alive during Paul's first imprisonment at Rome." The exact statement is this : in bis Eleventh Homily on the Epistle to the Co- lossieins he remarks, on ch. iv, 10, " 'touching whom ye received commandments, if he come unto you re- ceive him' — perhaps they received commands from Barnabas." There is a vague tradition that Barnabas was the first bishop of the church at Milan, but it is so ill supported as scarcely to deserve notice. It is enough to say that the celebrated Ambrose (b. A.D. 340, d. 397) makes no allusion to Barnabas when speak- ing of the bishops who preceded himself (see Hefele, Das Sendschreiben eles Apostels Barnabas, Tubing. 1840, p. 42-47). His festival is celebrated throughout the Roman Church on the 11th of June. The Church of Toulouse pretends to possess his body, and no less than eight or nine other churches lay claim to the posses- sion of his head. See the Acta Sanctorum, torn, iii ; Baronius, Martyrol. Rom. 11th of June; Fabric. Cod. Apocr. p. 781 sq. ; Ullmann, in the Theol. Stud, i, 382 sq. ; Hug, in the Freiburg. Zeitschr. ii, 132 sq. ; Schul- thess, in the Neuest. theol. Anna!. 1829, p. 943 sq. ; Ne- ander, Planting, etc. i, 190 sq. ; conip. generally Mo- sheim, Comment, de reb. Christianor. ante Constant, p. 1G1 sq. ; Rysewyk, Diss. hist. -theol. de Barneiba (Arnh.
BARNABAS
G70
BARNABAS
1835); also Brehme, De Barnabajusto (Leucop. 1735); I'm belli, l/' i di Sant ■ B trnaba (Mediol. 1649).— Etto.
BARNABAS, EPISTLE OF. An epistle has come dun n to us bearing the name of Barnabas, but clearly not written by him.
1. literary History. — This epistle was known to the early church, as it is cited by Clement of Alexandria (Strom. 1. ii. p. 273, Paris, 1G29, et al. seven times); by Origen (contra Celsurn, p. 49, Cantab. 1*577, et al. three times); and is mentioned by Eusebius (Hist. Eccks. vi, 14), and by Jerome (( 'atal. Script. Eccles. c. vi). It was lost sight of for several centuries, until Sirmond (17th century) discovered it at the end of a manuscript of Polycarp's Epist. ad Pkilpp. Hugo Menardus also found a Latin version of it in the abbey of Corbey, and prepared it for publication. It appeared after his death, edited by D'Achery (Paris, 1645), and this was tli ■ first printed edition of the epistle. Isaac Yossius had previously obtained a copy of the Corbey MS. and of that of Sirmond, and had conveyed them to arch- bishop I'sher. who annexed them to a copy of the Ig- nati.m Epistles lie was preparing for the press. But the tire at Oxf< rd (1614) destroyed all but a few pagss, which are given by Fell in the prof ice to his edition of Barnabas (Oxford, 1685). Yossius published tli ! epistle in 1646, at the end of the Ignatian Epistles. It is given also in Cotelerius, Pair. Apostol. (1072). in both what was then known of the Greek text and also in the Corbey Latin version ; in Eussel, A post. Fathers (1716); Galland, Biblioth. Patrum (17G5); and recent- ly in llefele, Pair. Apostol. Opera (1842). Several German translations were made; also an English one by Wake, Apostolic Fathers. All these editions were based on the same materials, viz. a defective Greek text, iii which the first four chapters, and part of the fifth, were wanting, and the Latin version of Corbey, which lacked four chapters at the end. But in 1859 Tischendorf brought from Mt. Sinai a manuscript con- t lining the entire epistle in Greek, with a part of the Pastor of Hernias. It was published in his Novum Testamentum Sinaiticum (2d edit. Lips. 186:3). The first live chapters are also given in the second edition of Dressel, Pair. Apostol. Opera (Lips. 1863, 8vo), with a preface by Tischendorf; also, separately, byVolk- mur, under the title Monumentum vetust. Christiana: in- (Zurich, 1864), with a critical and exegetieal commentary. The best edition is that of Hflgenfeld, // 1 n hi i Epist. : integ. Grmce primum ed., with the an- cient Latin version, a critical commentary and notes ( Lips. 1865, 8vo). An English version of "the Epistle, from the Codex Sinaiticus, is given in the Journal of So-:-,, I Literature, Oct. 1863; reprinted in the Ameri- can Presbyterian Review, Jan. and July,1864.