Of the subsequent history of Bartholomew, or Na- thanael, we have little more than vague traditions. According to Eusebius (Hist. Ecclcs. v, 10), when Pan- t:cnus went on a mission to the Indians (toward the close of the second century), he found among them the Gospel of Matthew, written in Hebrew, which had been left there by the Apostle Bartholomew. Jerome (De Vir. Illustr. c. 36) gives a similar account, and adds that Pantsenus brought the copy of Matthew's Gospel back to Alexandria with him. See Matthew, Gos- pel of. But the title of "Indians" is applied by an- cient writers to so many different nations that it is dif- ficult to determine the scene of Bartholomew's labors. Moshcim (with whom Neander agrees) is of opinion that it was a part of Arabia Felix, inhabited by Jews,
BARTHOLOMEW
076
BARTHOLOMEW'S DAY
to whom alone a Ik-brow gospel could be of any ser- vice. Socrates (Hist. Eccles. i, 19) says that it was the India bordering on Ethiopia; and Sophronius reports that Bartholomew preached the Gospel of Christ to the inhabitants of India Felix ('Ivootc role KciXovfisvoic tbSaipoaiv). This apostle is said to have suffered cru- cifixion with his head downward at Albanopolis, in Ar- nunia Minor (Assemanni, Bibl. Or. Ill, ii, 20), or, ac- c irding to the pseudo-Chrysostom (Opp. viii, 622, ed. Par. nor.), in Lycaonia; according to Nicephorus, at (Jrbanopotis, in Cilicia (see Abdias, in Fabricius, Cod. Apocr. ii, 685 sq. ; Baronius, ad Martyrol. Rom. p. 500 sq. ; Perionii Vitm Apostelor. p. 127 sq.). See Bar- tholomew's Day.
A spurious Gospel which bears his name is in the catalogue of apocryphal books condemned by Pope Gc- lasius (Fabric. Cod. Apocr. X. T. i, 341 sq.).— Kitto, s. v. See Gospels (spurious).
Bartholomew of Edessa, a monk, probably a Syrian, but of what date is totally unknown. Accord- ing to Cave, he displays considerable learning and a profound knowledge of the writings and ceremonies of the Chaldees, Arabians, and Mohammedans. He wrote, in Greek, Elenchus, or Confutatio Hagarmi, in which he exposes the follies of the Koran, and the or- igin, life, manners, rites, and dogmas of the false prophet Mohammed. This work, in Greek, with a Latin version, is given by Le Moyne at p. 302 of his Collection (Lyons, 1685). — Landon, Eccl. Diet, ii, 49.
Bartholomew of Cotton, a monk of Norwich, who flourished about 1292. He wrote a History of England, divided into three parts. Part I contains an a i omit of the Britons; Part II treats of the Saxon and Norman kings down to the year 1292; Part III gives much information concerning the archbishops and bishops of England from 1152 to 1292, and may be found in Wharton, Anglia Surra, i, 397. See Clarke, Succession of Sac. Lit. ii, 764 ; Landon, s. v.
Bartholomew of Glaxville (also called An- glicus), an Englishman, of the family of the earls of Suffolk, and a Franciscan. He applied himself to the discovery of the morals hidden under the outward ap- pearance of natural things, on which he composed a large work, entitled Opus de Proprietatibw Rerum, in nineteen I ooks: (1.) Of God; (2.) of angels and dev- ils ; (3.) of the soul ; (4.) of the bod}', etc. (Argent. 1488: Nnremb. 1492; Strasb. 1505 ; Paris, 1574). He flourished about 1360, and a volume of Sermons, print- ed at Strasburg in 1495, is attributed to him. See
I ave, Uist. Lit. anno 1360; 1 lupin, Eccl. Writers.
Bartholomew or Bartolomeo dos Marty- res, so called from the name of the church of "Our Lady of Martyrs" at Lisbon, in which he was bap- tized, was one of the best men in the Romish Church of the 16th century. He was born at Lisbon in May, l"'l I, and assumed the habit of St. Dominic at Lisbon,
II h December, 1528. Having been for twenty years professor of philosophy and theology, his high reputa- 1 a ed him to be selected as preceptor of the son ' I Dom Louis, infant of Portugal. It was only at the positive command of Louia of Granada, as his superior, thai he accepted the archbishopric of Braga (1558), and tint with such reluctance as threw him upon a bed of sickness. He entered upon his see on the 4th
tnd commenced af once the execution < f hi- design of teaching his (lock by his own example H of his household, lie Belected one small room out of all the magnificent apartments of the pal- furnished it like a cell; he went to bed at el( v in at night, and rose at three in the morning ; his bed was bard and Bcanty; his body always covered
With the hair cloth ; his table always poorly supplied.
Of the usi. .1 attendants of great houses, such as mdvbret d'Mtel, etc., he had none, contenting himself with e fen necessary domestics. As booh as be had thus le) hi- own house in order, he hastened to endeavor to
do the same with the city of Braga and his diocese in general. He established schools and hospitals, and devoted himself to works of charity and mercy. As one of the delegates to the Council of Trent, he espe- cially signalized himself there by his zeal on the sub- ject of the reform of the. cardinals. On one occasion he delivered those well-known words on this subject, " Eminentissimi Cardinales eminentissima egent re- formation," and expressed his strong condemnation of their luxurious and unfitting kind of life. He it was also who first induced the council to begin their sessions with the question of the reform of the clergy. In 1582 Pope Gregory XIII allowed him to resign his see, and he retired to a convent at Viana, where he died in 1590. His life was written by Isaac de Sacy, and his writings, among which the Stimulus Pastorum, a guide for bishops, has had the largest circulation, were published by P. dTnguimbert at Pome, 17,'!4-35 (2 vols, fol.), and by Fessler (Einsiedeln, 1863, 8vo).