Bellamy, Joseph, D.D., an eminent New Eng- land divine, was born at New Cheshire, Conn., 1719, and graduated at Yale College 1735. He began to preach at 18, and in 1740 was ordained pastor of the church in Bethlehem, Conn. In the great revival which soon after spread over New England, he was widely useful as an itinerant evangelist. His later years were spent (in addition to his pastoral labors) in teaching theology to students, who resorted to him in numbers. He was accustomed to give his pupils a set of questions, and also lists of books on the subjects of the questions ; they were afterward made topics of ex- amination on the part of the teacher, and of essays or sermons by the pupil. Many of the most prominent divines of New England in the last generation were Bellamy's students. He was less successful as a writer than as a teacher, though some of his books are still published. His True Relifi'wn delin>ated (Boston, 1750) went through many editions in this country and in Great Britain. lie also published Thtron, Paulinug, and Aspasia, or Letters and Dialogues upon tin Natan of Lore to God, etc. (1759) ; an Essay on tin Xatvre and Glory of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, etc. (1762) ; The
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Half-way Covenant (17G9); and a number of occasional sermons, with various controversial pamphlets, all of which may be found in his Works (N. Y. 1811, 3 vols. 8vo ; 2d ed. Boston, 2 vols. 8vo), with memoir. A careful review of his writings, by Dr. Woodbridge, is given in the Literary and Theological Review, ii, 58. — Sprague' Ann. i, 504. See New England Theology. Bellarmine, Robert, cardinal-archbishop of Cap- ua, was born at Monte Pulciano, in Tuscany, October 4, 1542, being nephew, on his mother's side, of Pope Marcellus II. His father, intending him for civil life, sent him to the University of Padua; but the bent of bis mind was toward theology, and in 1560 he entered the society of the Jesuits. His remarkable talents and progress in knowledge induced his superiors to order him to preach while as yet he was only a deacon ; and at Mondovi, Florence, Padua, and Lou vain, his talents as a preacher were first known. In 1569 he was ad- mitted to the priesthood, and in the year following lec- tured on theology at Louvain, being the first Jesuit who had done so. He preached also in Latin with great repute. Upon his return to Rome in 1576, Pope Gregory XIII appointed him lecturer in controversial divinity in the new college {Collegium Romanum) which he had just founded ; and Sixtus V sent him with Car- dinal Cajetan into France, in the time of the League, to act as theologian to that legation, in case any con- troversy should arise with the Protestants, for which his studies during his residence in the Netherlands had eminently fitted him. In 1598 he was elevated to the purple by Clement VIII, and in 1601 he was made archbishop of Capua. This see he held only four years, and resigned it on being appointed librarian of the Vat- ican, refusing to retain a bishopric at which he could not reside. He would have been elected pope had not the cardinals feared the degree of power which the Jesuits might have attained with one of their body on the papal throne. Bellarmine died on the 17th of Sep- tember, 1621, aged sixty-nine, with the reputation of being one of the most learned controversialists in Eu- rope. It is curious that the favorite maxim of such an acute and learned controversialist was, "that an ounce of peace is worth a pound of victory." The chief work of Bellarmine is his Body of Controversy (" De Controversiis Christiana? fidei," etc.), first print- ed at Ingoldstadt, in 3 vols, fob, 1587-88-90. Another edition, corrected by himself, appeared at Venica, which was reprinted at Paris in 160?, In 1608 an- other edition (that of the Triadelphi) was put forth at Paris, corrected and augmented upon a Memoir pub- lished by the author at Rome in 1607, entitled Recog- nitio Ubrorum omnium R. E. ab ipso edita. In this celebrated work Bellarmine generally lays down the positions of his adversaries fairly, without concealing their strength — a candor which, as Mosheim says, has exposed him to the reproaches of many writers of his own communion ; and as, at the same time, he states the claims and dogmas of Rome unreservedly he is a much better source of information as to real Roman doctrine than such advocates as Bossuet and Mohler. Of this celebrated work vol. i contains three general contro- versies: (1.) On the Word of God, which, he says, is either written or unwritten ; the written word is con- tained in the New and Old Testaments, the canonicity of which lie defends. He maintains that the Church alone is the lawful interpreter. (2.) Of Jesus Christ, the Head of the Church; in which he proves the di- vinity of our ],< rd against the Arians; defends the Trinity : est iblishes the Procession of the Holy Spirit, and justifies the addition of the word Filioque to the Creed. (3.) Of the Sovereign Pontiff, where he main- tains that the government of the Church is purely monarchical ; that St. Pet :r was the head of the Church, and that the popes succeed him in that quality ; that the}' are infallible in their dogmatic judgments; that thej' have an indirect power over the temporal author- ity of kings, etc. Vol ii contains four heads : (1.)