BELLAY
138
BELLOWS
Of the Councils and the Church : among general Council* he reckODS eighteen approved, eight disap- proved, and -ix only partly approved (among which are Frankfort, Constance, and Basle), and one (Pisa, 1509) neither approved nor disapproved. lie gives to the pope the authority to convoke and approve coun- cils, and makes him superior to a general council. In the third book he treats of the visibility and indefecti- bility of the Church, and of the Notes of the Church. ( '_'. i < (fthe Members of the Church, viz., clerks, monks, and laymen. (3.) Of the Church in Purgatory: in thi< he states, and endeavors to prove, the Roman doe- trine of purgatory. (1.) Of the Church Triumphant, relating to the beatitude and worship of the saints. Vol. iii relates to the sacraments in general and in par- ticular; and vol. iv treats of original sin; the necessi- ty of grace, free-will, justification ; the merit of good works, especially of prayer, fasting, ami alms-giving; various matters disputed among the scholastic theolo- gians, etc. Besides these works, we have of Bellar- mine 3 vols. fol. of Opera Diversa, published at Co- logne in 1017, containing, 1. Commentaries on the Psalms, and Sermons: — 2. A Treatise of Ecclesiastical Writers (often reprinted): — 3. Treatises on the Trans- lation if the Empire; on Indulgences; the Worship of Images (against the synod of Paris); and on the judg- ment on a Look entitled the "Concord of the Lutherans." Also, -1. Four Writings on the Affairs of Venice: — 5. Tiro Writings against James I of England : — 6. A Trea- tise, De pott state svmmi ponfifcis in rebus temporal Hits, against William Barclay, condemned in 1G10 by the Par- liament: — 7. Some Devotional Pieces : — 8. Treatises on the Duties of Bishops (reprinted at Wurzburg in 1749, 4to): — 9. His Catechism, or Christian Doctrine, which has been translated into many different languages : it was suppressed at Vienna by the Empress Maria The- resa. In his treatise De potestate summi Pontificis cen- tra Barelcdam (Rom. lflO, 8vo), he maintains the in- direct temporal authority ut the pope over princes and governments. '1 he best edition of his whole works is that of Cologne, 1620 (7 vols. fol.). The De Contro- versiis was reprinted at Rome, 1832-40 (4 vols. 4to). A good Life of Bellarmine is given in Rule's Cele- brated Jesuits (Lond. 1854, 3 vols. 18mo). An Italian biography of Bellarmine, based on his autobiography, ' was published by Fuligatti (Rome, 1624). S?e also J Frizon,J7< du Cardinal Bellarmin (Nancy, 1708, 4to); Niceron, Memoires, vol. xxxi ; Bayle, Diet. Crit. s. v. ; Bellarmine's Notes of the Church Refuted (Lond. 1840, 8vo)j Boefer, Biog. Generate, v, 222 ; Herzog, Real- Encyklop&du , s. v. ; Landon, Eceies. Diet, ii, 128.
Bellay, Jean dd, an eminent French cardinal, was born in 1492; was made bishop of Bayonne, and in 1532 bishop of Paris. In 153:5 he returned from Eng- land, whither, in 1527, he had been sent as ambassador to llenrv VIII, who was then on the point of a rup- ture with the court of Rome, but who promised Du I;. II ,\ thai he would not take the final step provided that he were allowed time to defend himself by his proctor. Du Bellay hastened to Rome, where lie ar- rived in 1584, and obtained th.3 required delay from Clement VII. which he sent instantly by a courier to England ; but the courier not returning by the day fixed bj the pope, sentence of excommunication was pronounced against Henry, and his kingdom laid un- der an interdict, in -j.ite of the protestations of Du Bellay, at tie- instigation .if the agents of Charles V. The courier arrived two days afterward. In 1535 the bishop was made cardinal, and served Francis I so ef- fectually ae hi- lieutenant general (!) that be made him ely bishop of Limoges (1541), archbishop of Bordeaux (1544), and bishop of Mans (1546). After the death of Francis Du Bellay was superseded by the Cardinal de Lorraine, and retire.) to Rome, when he <! • bishop of (Mia. and die,) February Kith, 1560 Bellay was a friend ,,f letters, and united with n in urging Francis 1 to establish the College
de France. He wrots Poems, printed by Stephens (1500) ; Epistola Apologetica (1543, 8vo) ; and many- letters. — Biog. Univ. torn, iv, p. !)4 ; Niceron, Memoires, torn, xvi : Hoefer, Bi<>g. Generate, v, 227.
Bellegarde, Gabriel du Bac de, a French theologian, was born Oct. 17, 1717. He was early made canon of Lyons, but his Port-Royalism and his severe principles shut him out from preferment and lost him his canonry. He retired to Holland, where he collected Memoires sur I'histoire de lei Bulk Unigen- itus dans les Pays Bas (4 vols. 12mo, 1755). He also wrote UHistoire abregee de VEglise iV Utrecht (1765, 12mo); editsd the works of Van Espen, with a life (Lyons, 5 vols. fol. 1778), and a complete edition of the works of Arnauld (Lausanne, 1775-82, with pref- aces, notss, etc., 45 vols, in 4to). — Hoefer, Biog. Gene- rale, v, 238.
Bellegarde, Jean Baptiste Morvan de, a laborious French writer, known as the Abbe de Belle- garde, was born at Pihyriac, August 30th, 1648. He was a Jesuit 16 years, but was obliged to leave the so- ciety on account of his Cartesianism. He translated the Letters and Sermons of Basil, the Sermons of As- terius, the Moralia of Ambrose, many of the woi ks of Leo, Gregory Nazianzen, and Chrysostom, the Imita- tio Christi and other works of Thomas & Keinpis, and various other writings. His translations betray great negligence. He died April 26, 1734. — Hoefer, Biog. Generede, v, 39.