OOTHA.
CALVARY, THE, a name given in Roman Catho- lic countries to "a representation of the various scenes of the passion and cracifixion of our Lord, either in a chapel, or external to the church, as at St Jacques, at Antwerp. It consists of three crosses with the figiues of Christ and the thieves, usually as large as life, sur- rounded by a number of fig^ures, representing the vari- ous personages who took part in the cradfixion. At Aix-la-Chapelle, the Calvary is a church on the top of a hUl, surrounded by twelve sculptured stones, esch marking an event which took place on the journey of the Saviour to Mount Calvary. The approach to the CTalvary is called the Via Dohrosa, each of the stones marking what is called a station, at which the pioos say a prayer in passing."— Chambers, Bncyckjmdia^ s. V.
Calvary, Congregation of Our Lady oC an
order of Benedictine nuns, originally founded at Poi- tiers by Antoinette of Orleans, of the house of Longue- vOle. Pope Paul Y confirmed this order in 1617 ; and in the same year the foundress took possession of a convent newly built at Poitiers, with twenty-four nuns of the order of Fontevrault In 1620 Mary de Medids removed these nuns to Paris, and established them near the Luxemlwurg Palace. The design of their establishment was to honor the mystery of Uie sorrows of the Yirgin for the suflferings of Christ, and some or other of the nuns were compelled to be day and night before the cross. Toward the close of the last century the order counted about twenty convents, all of which were destroyed by the French Revolution. Since that time, a convent in Paris, and several more in other parts of France, have been restored.
Calvert, John P., a Methodist Episcopal minister,
CALVES
89
CALVIN
WIS bom in Belmont county, Ohio, October 28, 1888 ; skodiad at the Ohio Univertity, and was admitted on trial as a preacher in the Ohio Conference in 1858. When the American civil war broke out in 1881, no leas than six of his brothers entered the army, and he soon after felt it his doty to follow them. At the bat- de of Shilob, Ang. 7, 1862, he was wounded, and on the following Sunday he died. He had been very use- ful in the army, preaching and holding prayer-meet- ings wheneyer opportunity aflbrded.~ififtcrfe« o/Con- /%fenoet,1862,p.l88.
Calirea. See Calf.
Cahdn, John, one of the most eminent of the Be- Ainutfa.
L Sbetdk of his Zt/s.— He was bom at Noyon, July 10th, 1509, his lather, Gerard Chauvin, beiag a notary. He was ftom the first educated for the Church, and before he was twelve years old was presented to a benefice in the Cathedrakof Noyon. Six years after this he was appointed to a cure of souls at Montville, and thus, although not yet twenty, and not even in the minor orders, he was enjoying the title and reve- nues of a cure. ** His father now changed his mind as to the destination of his son, and desired him to turn his attention to the law as the road to wealth. This change was. not unacceptable to Calvin, who, ^m his perusal of the Scriptures — a copy of which was fur- niahed him by Robert OHvetan, who was his fellow- Bdwlar at Paris, and likewise a native of Noyon — ^had already been convinced of many of the errors of the Komish Church. He accordingly repaired to Orleans, where he studied under Peter Stella, and then to Bruges, where Andrew Alciat filled the chair of law, and where also MMdor Wolmar, the Reformer, taught him Greek. Here Calvin was confirmed in the doc- trines of the Reformation, and began indeed to preach them in the villages. His &ther, however, dying, he returtaed to Noyon, but after a ^ort period went to Paris, where, in 1582, he published commentaries on Seneca's two books, />0 C%men<ta.
"He now resigned his benefices, and devoted him- Belf to divinity. In 1588, C<^, the rector of the Uni- verse of Paris, havmg occasion to read a discourse on the festival of All Saints, Calvin persuaded him to declare his opinion on the new doctrines. This broQs^ i^xm them both the indignation of the Sor- bonne, and they were forced to leave the city. Cal- rm went to several places, and at length to Angou- leme, ithen he got shelter in the house of Louis du TsUet, a canon of AngoulSme, and supported himself some thne by teachmg Greek. There he composed the greater part of his IntUtuCes of the Christian Re- K9MI) which were published in 1586. The Queen of Navarre, nster to Francis I, having shown him some countenance in respect for his learning and abilities, he returned to Paris in 1584 under her protection, but quitted France the same year, having first published AyoftoposfifcMfz, to confute the error of those who hdd ^at the soul remamed in a state of sleep between dea& and the resurrection. He retired to Basle, where be published the /fM^rte^ (1586), defeated to Frau- ds I in an elegant Latin epistle. The design of the Ivdtwtes was to exhibit a ftiU view of the doctrines of the Reformers; and as no similar work had appeared since the Reformation, and the peculiarities of the Bomish Church were attacked in it with great force, it hnmediate^ became popular. It soon went through leveial editions, was translated by Calvin himself into French, and has since been translated into all the prin- cipal modem languages. Its efl^ upon the Christian vorid has been so renmrkable as to entitle it to be look- ed upon as one of those books that have changed the ftce of society. After this publication Calvin went to Italy, and was received with distinction by the Duch- m of Ferrara, daughter of Louis XII. Bht, notwith- iUaidmg her protection, he was obliged to return to