CANE 72
golden Bnoffsn (d^J^^p ; IwttpvTnjpfc ; /oreipe$\ and carried away the snuff in golden dishes (DIPinp ; viroOEfiaTa ; acemB^ Exod. xxv, 88). When carried about, the candlestick was covered with a cloth of blue, and put with its appendages in badger-ekin bags, which were supported on a bar (Num. iv, 9).
In Solomon's Temple, instead of tliis single candela- brom (or besides it, as the Babbins say, but what be- came of it is not known ; see Keil, Tempel SoL p. 109), there were ten of pure gold (whose structure is not described, although fiowen are mentioned : 1 Kings vii, 49 ; 2 Chron. iv, 7), one half of which stood on the north and the other on the south side of the Holy Place. These are said to have formed a sort of raiL- ing before the vail, and to have been connected by golden chains, under which, on the day of atonement, the high priest crept. They were carried away to Babylon (Jer. lii, 19). In the Temple of Zerubbabd there appears to have been only one candelabrum again (1 Mace i, 21 ; iv, 49, 50). It is probable that it also liad only seven lamps. At least, that was the case in the candelabrum ^t the Herodian temple, ac- cording to the description of Josephus ( Wasr^ vii, 6). This candelabrum is the one which, after the destmc- tbn of Jerusalem, was carried with other spoils to Rome, where, after the triumph of Titus, it was depos- ited in the Temple of Peace, and, according to one story, fell into the Tiber fh>m the Milvian bridge dur- ing the flight of Maxentios firom Constantino, Oct. 28, 312 A.D. ; but it probably, in A.D.455, became a part of the plunder which Genseric transported to Carthage (Gibbon, iii, 291). It was, however, again, about A.D. 583,' recaptured from the Vandals by Belisarius, and carried to Constantinople, and was thence sent off to Jerusalem (»&. iv, 2i), from which time it has disappear- ed altogether. It is to this candelabrum that the rep- resentation on the Arch of Titus at Kome (see Fleck, WisseMckctfU, Reiae, I, i, pi. 1) was intended to apply ; and although the existence of the figures of eagles and marine monsters on the pediment of that lamp tends, with other minor objections, to render the ac- curacy of that copy questionable (as it is unlikely that the Jews should have admitted any such graven im- ages into their temple), yet there is reason to believe that in other points it may be relied upon as a reason- ably correct representation of the Herodian candela- brum. Reland has almost devoted a valuable little work to this subject, De Spoliis Templi Hierosdym, in Aral Titiano (2d ed. by Schulxe, 1776), p. 82 sq. See also Stellmann, De candelabro aureo (Brem. 1700); Schlichter, De Lychnucho sacro (Hal. 1740); Ddder- lein, De Candela^ JudoBorum tacris (Viteb. 1711); Ugolino, De Candelabro (The^aur. xi). See Candle.
From the fact that the golden candelabrum was ex- pressly made *' after the pattern shown in the mount," many have endeavored to find a symbolical meaning in all its ornaments, especially Meyer and 6&hr (iS^ym- bol, i, 416, sq.). Generally it was "a type of preach- ing" (Godwyn's Moses and Aaron^ ii, 1), or of " the light of the law" (Ligbtfoot, 1. c). Similarly candle- sticks are elsewhere made types of the Spirit, of the Church, of witnesses (Zech. iv [see Scholze, De I^ch- iMic&o, Altona, 1741] ; Rev. ii, 5; xi, 4; comp.We- myss, CUw, Symbol, s. v.). When our Lord cried "I am the light of the Worid" (John viii, 12), the allu- sion was probably suggested by the two large golden chandeliers, lighted in the court of the women during the Feast of Tabernacles, which illuminated all Jeru- salem (Wet8t|in, ad foe.), or perhaps to the lighting of this colosslPcandlestick, "the more remarkable in the profound darkness of an Oriental town" (Stanley, Sinai and Palest, p. 420).— Kitto, Cyclop, s. v. ; Smith, Diet. 8. V. ; Winer, RealtodH. s. v. Leuchter; Fairbaim, Dict.s.v. See LivTERN.
Cane, the rendering in only two paissages (Iwi, xliii, 24} Jer. vi, 20) of the Heb. word nrjj, kaneh\
CANE
firom which, indeed, the modem term (Chald., Sjrr., and Arab, essentially the same ; Gr. icdwi}, Lat. oeama) ap- pears to have been derived, signifying properly a reed (as usually translated), t. e. the tall sedgy plant with a hollow stem (f^m ^^^i to erec(), growing in mdst places (1 Kings xiv, 15 ; Job xl, 21 ; Isa. xix, 6 ; xxxv, 7 ; so Psa. Ixviii, 81, beast of the reeds [A. V. " multi- tude of spearmen,"], L e. the crocodile) ; also the sweet- flag (Ezek. xxvil, 19 ; Cant, iv, 14; fully Exod. xxx, 28) ; also the cultivated reed used as a staff (Ezek. xxix, 6 ; Isa. xxxvi, 6) ; hence a measuring reed or rod (Ezek. xl, 3, 5 ; xlii, 1&-19); also a simple skdk of grain (Gen. xli, 5, 22) ; likewise the upper bone of the arm (Job xxxi, 22) ; the rod or beam of a balance, put for the balance itself (Isa. xlvi, 6) ; the shaft or stem of the sacred candelabrum (Exod. xxx, 31 ; xxxvii, 17), as well as its branches or tubes (Exod. XXV, 82, 83, 85, etc.). As the name of a plant, the word designates in Scripture tliree kinds of the genus ArundOf of which the following account is chiefly com- piled from Kitto's Cyclop, s. v. Kaneh.