The medicine of the Druids consisted mostly in in- cantations, the plants used being deemed only the ve- hicles of communicating the healing influence. The most prized plant was the mistletoe. This was gath- ered flrom the oak in dark forests on winter's nights of the holy festival days, and was cut with golden sick- les. It waa called the " dUeoAt^."
TaUsmans of various kinds were prepared with in- cantations by the priests and given to the peojde. The eggs of snakes, gathered by moonlight and car- ried in the bosom, were consideied the most powerfol protection against evil fortune. Many of these rites have left their traces on the religious cnstoma of mod- em times, and are the foundation of many supersti- tions in Celtic lands of to-day.
CamaCf a small village in Brittany, has remains at- tributed to Druidical worship. They consist of four thousand massive rocks, placed upright in eleven rowiw These rocks are often ten or fifteen feet high, and neariy aa many feet apart. Over these are simihff rocks, laid horizontally. In other places, in Western France are similar remains of Druidical worship, also in Ang^esea (Wales), on the Isle of Man, and otiier places in England. The tombs ofthechiefr are moands, or subterranean chambers. In the first are usually fbund bronze and earthen urns, bones, and ashes ; in the latter, skeletons, earthen vessels, knives, battle- axes, chains, and other articles of furniture or orna- ment.— Amed. Thieny, Hiatoire des GauMs (Paris, 1857, 2 vols.) ; Eckermann, CdHsAe MfthoUtgie O^alle, 1847); Diefenbach, CtUica (Stuttg. 1889-41); Mone, Celt, Forsckungen (Freiburg, 1857); Contzen, Wwitda^ unpen der CeUen (Leipz. 1861). See DBUiDa.
CemeteileB (Kotfttirfipta, dormitories, or sleqmi^ places), a place of burial for the dead. The word cemetery, in this use, is of exclusively Christian ori- gin; the burial-places of the Christians were so called to denote not only that the dead rested from their earthly labors and sorrows, but to point out the hope of a future resurrection (Bingham, Orig. EcdsL bk. xxiii, ch. I). See Bubial ; Catacombs ; Sepijl-
CHBE.
Cen'ohreft (rather Cenchr:kB, Kiyxptai), tiie esat- em port (Iwlvnov) of Corinth (i. e. its harbor on ^e Saronic Gulf) and the emporium of its trade with tiJra Asiatic shores of the Mediterranean, as Lechaeum (now Lutild) on the Corinthian Gulf connected it with Italy and the west (Philo, 0pp. u, 589 ; Theodorst, in Rom. xvi). A line of walls extended from the citadel of Corinth to LechsBum, and thus the Pass of Cenchres was of peculiar military importance in reference to the approach along the isthmus from Northern Greece to the Morea. See Cobihth. The apostle Paul sailed from Cenchres (Acts xviii, 18) on his return to Syria
CENDEBJBHJS
181
CENSER
fiNm Us second misaioDAiy joiimey; and when he wrote his eiustle to the Romans, in the course of the third journey, an organized church seems to have been formed here (Bom. xvi, 1), probably a branch of that in Corinth (see Pauli, in the MitceiL Duitb, i, 51 sq.). See Phckbb. The first bishop of this church is said (Apott, CcmL vii, 46) to liaye been named Lucius, and to have been appointed by Paul. The distance of Ceu- chreae finom C<ninth was seventy stadia, or about nine miles (Strabo, viii, 880 ; Liv. xxxii, 17 ; Pliny, iv, 4 ; Apnlerj. Metam, x, p. 255, Bip. ed.). Pausanias (ii, 8) describes the road as having tombs and a grove of cy- preases by the wayside. The modem village of Kik- Ha retains the ancient name, which is conjectured by Dr. Sibthorpe to be derived from the mUlet (jdyKpC) which still grows there (Walpole's TraveUj p. 41). The site is now occupied by a single farm-house. Close to the sea, and in puts even covered by its wateiy, are the foondations of a variety of buildings, the plans of which may yet be traced, as the walls still remain to the height of from two feet to three feet and a half. Some trnees of the moles of the port are also still visi- ble (LealLe*s Morea, iii, 28a-285). The following coin exhibits the port exactly as it was described by Pau- sanias, with a temple at the extremity of each mole, and a statue of Neptune on a rock between them (see Cony beare and Howson, SL Paul, ii, 195).— Smith, s. v.
ColoiiUl Coin flf CoHntbt whh tTio lT«int oi Alil fMiuls rioi, and a diagram oT the HSven of Caichren.
Cendebse'ns (Kci^£)3atoc), a general left by Antiochus VII (q> v.) in command (trrparriySc v. r. ^wi- ffTparifyS^ and vwo<Trpanfy6c)of the sea-board (^ropa- Xioc) of Palestine (1 Mace, xv, 88 sq.) after the defeat of Tryphon, B.C. 188. He fortified Kedron (q. v.) and haraased the Jews for some time, but was afterwards defeated by Judas and John, the sons of Simon Macca- beus, with great loss (1 Mace, xvi, 1-10). The account of Josephns (Ani, xiii, 7, 8 ; War, i, 2, 2) is somewhat diffisrent.
Cendevla, according to Pliny (xxxvi, 86), the name of a lake fh>m which the river Belus (q. v.) takes Its rise, near Mt. Carmel (see Reland, Pakut. p. 267) ; probably the fountains now called Kurtkmy, near Shefr Amur (Thomson, Land and Book, i, 486).
Cdne. See LEckNB.
Cezmiok, John, was originally one of Wesley's lay preacheTB, who appointed him as a sort of lay-chap- lain at Kingswood School in 1789. In a year or two he began to preach agamst Wesley's Arminian doc- trines, and to raise a party within the Weeleyan So- ciety. After unavailing ddays and overtures of peace, Wesley read publicly a paper declaring, ** by the con- sent and approbation of the Band Society of E^ings- wood," that Cennick and his followers " were no lon- ger members thereof." Cennick afterwards united with the Whitefield Methodists, but did not continue long with them. He became at last a Moravian. He was a good though weak man, and his subsequent ear- nest and laborioos life shows that he deserves more lenity than has usually been accorded to him by Meth- odist writers. After many years of diligent labor as an evangelist, he died in 1755. His Diacourtes were published in 1770 (2 vols. sm. 8vo) ; and a new edition, with a "life,'' was published in 1852 by Matthew Wilks, who says: " He possessed a sweet simplicity of qiirit, with an ardent seal in the cause of his divine