Master." The well-known hymn, *' Jesus, my all, to heaven is gone," was written by Cennick. — Stevens, History of Methoditm, i, 155 ; Darihig, Cydopadia BUf- Uoffrapkica, i, 615.
Censer, a vessel in which incense was presented in the Temple, being used by the Jews in the daily offer- ing of incense, and yearly on the Day of Atonement, when the high-priest entered the Holy of Holies (2 Chron. xxvi, 19 ; Esek. viii, 11 ; Ecclus.i,9). On the latter occasion the priest filled the censer with live coals ft^m the sacred fire on the altar of burnt-offer- ing, and bore it into the sanctuary, where he threw upon the burning coals the ** sweet incense beaten small" which he had brought in his hand (Lev. xvi, 12, 18). In this case the incense was burnt while the high-priest held the censer in his hand; but in the daily oflering the censer in which the live coab were brought from the altar of burnt-offering was set down upon the altar of incense. This alone would suggest the probability of some difference of shape between the censers used on these occasions. The daily censers must have had a base or stand to admit of their being placed on the golden altar, while those employed on the Day of Atonement were probably furnished with a handle. In fact, there are different names for these vessels. Those in daily use were called n'1l3{?Q (mUtU^reih, occurs only in 2 Chron. xxvi, 19 ; Exek. viii, 11), from ^^p^* incense ; whereas that used on the Day of Atonement is distinguished by the title of htjnp (maehfay, tomething to take fire vntK), or coal- pain (often ** fire-pan" in the English version). We learn also that the daily censers were of brass (Num. xvi, 98) (according to the Mishna, Tamid, v, 5, in the second temple, also of silver), whereas the yearly one was of gold (Josephus, Ani. xiv, 4, 4). The latter is also said to have had a handle (Mishna, Toma, iv, 4), which, indeed, as being held by the priest while the incense was burning, it seems to have required. It is conjectured tliat this distinction is alluded to in Rev. V, 8 ; viii, 8, where the angel is represented with a golden " censer" (Xc^avwr^c, from Xifiavo^, incense), and the twenty-four elders each with a golden '*vial'* i'piaXti). In the Apocrypha, silver (1 Esdr. ii, 18) as well as golden (1 Mace, i, 22) "censers" (^tamj) are simibrly referred to. Paul, hi Heb. ix, 4, speaks of the golden "censer" as a thing which belonged to the Tabernacle, but the Greek word BvfuarripioVf which there occurs, may signify "altar of incense" (see Bleek, Comment, p. 488; Meyer, Btbddeut. p. 7 sq. ; Mynster, in the Stud, «. Krit, 1829 ; ii, 842 sq.). The Utter of the above Hebrew words seems used gener- ally for any instrument to seize or hold burning coals, or to receive ashes, etc. such as the appendages of the brazen altar and golden candlestick mentioned in Exod. XXV, 88 ; xxxvii, 28 (in which senses it seems rendered in the Sept. by InapvarpiQ, Itrapviiip, or per- haps viroOffm), It, however, generally bears the lim- ited meaning which properly belongs to the former word, viz. a small portable vessel of metal, on which the incense was sprinkled by the priest to whose ofiioe this exclusively belonged (2 Chron. xxvi, 18 ; Luke i, 9). Thus "Korah and his company" were bidden to take "censers," with which, in emulation of Aaron and his sons, they had perhaps provided themselves (comp. Ezek. viii, 11); and Moses tells Aaron to take ''the censer" (not a, as in the A. V.), L e. that of the sanc- tuary or that of the high-priest, to stay the plague by atonement. The only distmct precepts regarding the use of the censer are fbund in Num. iv, 14, where among the vessels of the golden altar, i. e. of incense, " censers" are reckoned ; and in Lev. xvi, 12, where we find that the high-priest was to carry it (here also it is "M«," not "a censer," that he is ordered to '*take") into the most holy place within the vail, where the " incense" was to be " put on the fire," i. e. on the coals in the censer, "before the Lord." This
CENSORSHIP
182
CENSURES
mart have b«en on the Daj of Atonoment, for then only was that place entered. Solomon prepared ** cen- sers of pure gold*' as part of the same furniture (1 Kings Tiif 50 ; 2 Chron. iv, 22). Possibly their gen- eral use may be explained bj the imagery of Rev. viil, 8, 4, and may haye been to take up coals from the brazen altar, and convey the incense while burning to the " golden altar," or ** altar of incense," on whichit was to be offered morning and evening (Exod. xxx, 7, 8). So Uzziah, when he was intending ** to bum incense upon the altar of incense,** took **a censer in his hand" (2 Chron. xxvi, 16, 19). See Altab.
9 "" 1
Ancient Egyptian Cenaen. 1. Throwing inoenae on the flame in censer. 2. Balls of In- cense burning in censer ; a a. Boxes for bedding Incense. 8, 4. Censers of diflferent forms, ft. Box or cnp for incense. 6, 7. Head of handle and pan of oensera, in bronze.