The result of his remarkable proficiency in "wran- gling" is stated by liis friend Lord Clarendon (^His- tory of the RebflUon) to have been that *' Chillingworth had contracted such an irresolution and habit of doubt- ing, that at last he was confident of nothing." TU- lotson styled him "thelmcomparable Chillingworth;" and Locke says (on "Education**), "If you would have your son to reason well, let him read Chilling- worth;'* and again (on "Study"), "For attahung right reasoning I propose the constant reading of Chillingworth ; for this purpose he deserves to be read over and over again ;'* but Anth. Wood's opmion is not outdone by any, for he declares that "Chilling- worth had such extraordinary clear reason that, if the great Turk or the devil could be converted, he was able to do it." In theology he is classed with the "Lati- tudinarians" (q. v.). The best edition of 7^ Religion of Proteitants is that in fol. 1742, with sermons, etc., and a life of the author by Dr. Birch. It has been of- ten reprinted. — ^Des Alaizeaux, Life of Chillingworth
(1726, 8vo); Kipj^Biognq)hiaBriimmoaj^60&mi^ Hook, Eecles, Biogrcgphg, iv, 1. The best modem e£- tion of his works is that of Oxford, 1888 (3 Yob. 8vd\ There is also a cheap American edition (8to), with Lifi by Birch (Philadelphia, 1848).
Chil^mad (Heb. Kibnad", *TO^3, etymoiogy as- known; Sept Xapftav v. r. XoXfiav and \a\fmp : Yulg. Chebnad), an Asiatic place or coantry mcntiaB- ed, in conjunction with Sheba and Asshor, as a trading emporium with the Tyrians (Eaek. xxvii, 23). Tie only name bearing any similarity to it is Charmumd' (XapfjMvdri), a " large and flourishing'* town near t^ Euphrates, between tiie Mascas and the Babylofiian frontier (Xen. Anab. i, 5, 10; comp. Steph. Byz. p. 754), an identification generally adopted since Bochart (Canaan, i, 18, p. 480). Hitzig (Comment, on £xek. L cj proposes to alter the punctuation to ^S^S, Ke-Hmsm^, giving the sense "Asshur was at thy jwysf in com- merce," as first suggested by Kimchi 0n loc). The Chaldee Targnm has ^'JD, Media. For other oonject- ures« see Rosenmttller in loc. See Chalojba, p. 198.
Chime. See Bell ; Ctbcbaju
Chimere (Fr. chimire, tram the Italian xanuBraX The upper rolM worn by a bishop, to which the laws sleeves are generally attached. Before Kliaabedi't time the bishops wore a scariet chimere orer titt rochet, as they still do when -assembled in convoca- tion ; but bishop Hooper having scrupled at tbc sor- let, it was changed for black satin. — Palmer, Or^ LUurgiocB, ii, 819.
ChimOiam (Heb. KimJumf, 'CTVCfS, pining ; Sept Xifiadfi V. r. Xafmdfi), a follower, and probably a soa (Joseph. 'AxiiuLvoQ, Ant, vii, 11, 4 ; and comp. 1 Kings ii, 7) of Barzillai the Gileadite, who returned in hb steai f^om beyond Jordan with David on his restoration aft^ Absalom's rebellion (2 Sam. xix, 87, 88, 40, which la.<t verse gives the name as "iHlSS, KimhaasT). B.C. 102S. David appears to have bestowed on him, as a rewaid for his loyalty, a possession at Bethlehem, <m which, in later times, an inn or lAoa (n^t^nj^), called after hin (Sept. rrjfiripw^afutafi ; Yulg. peregrinaniet m Cio- maam; A. V. "habitation of Chimham ;" the text has the name oniTSS, i. e. Dil^liaS, Kemuham'; Sept. v. r. VaParipioxdfia, yy Bapa»^ Xafidafi, etc.), was stand- ing, well known as the starting-point for trmveUer? fh)m Jerusalem to Egypt (Jer. xll, 17). Btnnt notices in this mention of the dwelling of Chimham at Beth- lehem an indication of the actual munificence of I^vid to the family of Barzillai, for which we are preinred by the narrative in Samuel and Kings QUndes^gned Co- incidences, 6th ed. p. 150). See Inn.
Chimney (M^^M, arubbah', a la^ice, in the sing., Hos. xiii, 8 ; Sept KafrvoSSxn ; Ynlg, fumarimm ; elw- where in the plur. a window, as closed by lattice-work instead of glass, Eccl. xii, 8; a dove^eote, as sealed with lattice-work, Isa. Ix, 8, especially in the phrase " windows of heaven" [q. v.]), an opening covered with lattice-work through which the smoke passes (Hos. xiii, 8). The same word is elsewhere rendered "window." Houses in the East are not fiunished with stoves and fireplaces as among us. The fbel U heaped into a pot, which is plaoed in a part hoBowed out for that purpose in the centre of the paved floor. The smoke, therefore, escapes through the windows (Isa. xliv, 16 ; xlvii, 14). See House. Sometinies the fire is placed directly in the hollow place, or hearth, in the middle of the floor, as mentioned by Jeremish (xxxvi, 22). Chimneys appear to have been em^y- ed in the round towers for fliimaces, but never in dwell- ing-houses. They were termed Cor-Ashan, a smok- ing furnace, which is the name of a city mentioned in 1 Sam. XXX, 80, probably where many workers in met- al resided. Such appears to be refierred to bj the
CHINA
241
CHINA
**- chimnejTB in Skm** of the Apocrypha (2 Esdr. vi, 4, ooawutf). See Furnace.
China (see Sinim), a vast country of Asia, extend- ixag (includmg its dependencies) fh>m 20^ to 56^ K., atzid fiom 144^ 50' £. to 90° £. Its area is over four amd a half million square miles, including one third of .A^ia, and nearly one tenth of the habitable globe. The empire is divided into three principal parts : firgi^ the eighteen provinces ; tecond^ Manchooria ; ihrd, colo- zual possessions. The last includes Mongolia, Sunga- ria. Eastern Turkistan, Boko-nor, and Thibet. The second is the native country of the Manchoos, the reign- ing &mfly in China, and includes the territory lying eaat of the Inner Duarian Mountains, and north of the Galf of Lian Yung. The frgt division is China Proper (between 18^ and 40° N. hit, including Hainan on the soatb; and between 98° and 124° £. long.). It is the only part settled by Chinese. ** It lies on the east^ em slope of the high table-land of Central Asia, and in the south-east angle of the continent, and for beau- ty of scenery, fertility of soil, salubrity of climate, magnificent and beautiful rivers, and variety and abondance of its productions, will compare with any portion of the globe" (Williams, Middk Kingdom, i, 7). Its estimated area is nearly 2,000,000 square miles, or two fifths of the empire.