Cleopa^tra (strictly Cleop^atra, KXtoirarpa, of a renowned father) f a Greek female name occurring as early as Homer (//. ix, 566), and borne especially by the Egyptian princesses after the times of Alexander (see Smith's Diet, of Class. Biog. s. v.). The follow- ing, being members of the line of the Ptolemies, who firequently intermarried with the Seleucidn of Syria, are mentioned in the Apocrypha and Josephus, or al- luded to in the Scriptures.
1. A daughter of Antiochus III (the Great), who was married to Ptolemy V (Epiphanes), B.C. 198 (see Dan. xi, 13, 16), Ccele-Syria being given as her dower (Josephus, Ant, xii,4, 1; Appian, Syr. 6; Livy, xxxvii, 8), though Antiochus afterwards repudiated this ar- rangement (Polyb. xxviii, 17). See Antiochus, 2.
2. A daughter by the preceding match, who be- came "the wife of Ptolemy" (Esth. xi, 1) VI (Phil- ometor), her own brother, on whose death (B.C. 146) she was violently persecuted by his successor (her own brother likewise, and for a time husband) Physcon, or Ptolemy VII, or Euergetes II (Justin, xxxviii, 8, 9; xxxix, 1, 2; Livy, Ep, 69; Diod. Sic. ii, 602, ed. Wess.) She is mentioned by Josephus as having join- ed her first husband in the letter addressed to Onias (q. V.) in favor of reconstructing the Jewish temple at Leontopolis {Ant. xiii, 8, 2), and as befriended in her i distress by Onias {Apion^ ii, 5). See Ptolemy Phil- ,
OMETOR. I
3. A daughter of the preceding by her first bus- I band; married first (B.C. 150) to Alexander (q. v.) Balas, the Syrian usurper (1 Mace, x, 58 ; Josephus, Ant. xiii, 4, 1 and 5), and on his death (B.C. 146) to Demetrius (q. v.) Nicator (1 Mace, xi, 12; Josephus, Ant. xiii, 4, 7). During the captivity of the latter in Parthia, B.C. 141 (1 Mace, xiv, 1 sq.), she married his brother Antiochus (Josephus, Ant. xiii, 7,1) VII (Sidetes), out of jealousy on account of Deme- trius's connection with the Parthian princess Rhodogune, and also murdered Demetrius on his return (Appian, Syr. 68 ; Livy, Ep. 60), al- though Josephus (^Ant. xiii, 9, 8) and Justin
him. She also murdered Seleucus, her son by Nk tor, who on his Other's death assumed the goTemaiee without her consent (Appian, Syr, 69). Her other soa by Nicator, Antk>chu8 VIII (Grypus), soooeeded to tbs
Coin of Cleopatra and her eon Antiochus Grnma. throne (B.C. 126) throu^ her influence ; but afta- wards, finding him not disposed to yield her all tike power she desired, she attempted to poisoti him, bst was anticipated by him, and compelled to drink tb: poison herself (Justin, xxxix, 2), B.C. 120. See Axn- ocHUS, 6 and 7.
4. A sister of the preceding, and the rival of ber own mother (No. 2) in the aflfections of PtoksiT Physcon, by whose will she was left in «apren)e pow- er, in connection with whichever of her own sofb: she might choose. She was compelled by ber p^ile to set up the eldest, Ptolemy VIII (LathTms); hA she soon prevailed upon them to expel him, and make room for her younger and favorite son Alexander (Pausan. viil, 7), and she even sent an army against Lathyrus to Cyprus, an effort in which Uie Jews be- came involved (Josephus, Ant. xiii, 12, 2 sq. ; 18, 1) through the intervention of Alexander Jannaeus (q. v.). Her son Alexander retired, through fear of bs cruelty, but was recalled by his mother, who atteni{4- ed to assassinate him, but was herself put to ^ath (B.C. 89) before she could effect her object (Jnstio, ' xxxix, 4). See Ptolemy Lathybcs.
5. The second daughter of the name by the preced- ing marriage, and married to her own brother Lathy- rus after her sister's divorce, from whom she is nsml- ly distinguished by the surname of Seleni (SeXiyvir, the moon). After his exile she married Antiocfaiis XI (Epiphanes), and on his death Antiochus X (Eosebes). She was besieged by Tigranes in Syria or Mesopo- tamia, and either taiken and killed by him (Stiaha^ xxi, p. 749), or, according to Josephus (.4 vU. xiii, 11 4 ; comp. IFiar, i, 6, 8), relieved by Lucallus*s invasno of Armenia. See Antiochus, 9 and 10.
6. The last queen of Egypt, was the dmngfater d Ptolemy Auletes, bom B.C. 69, and celebrated for ber beauty and accomplishments, as also for her rolnpta- ousness and ambition! She had various amorous aod political intrigues, first with Julius Cssrmt (Dion Caes. xliii, 27 ; Sueton. Cos. 85), whom she even accompa- nied to Rome ; and finally ^ith Marc Antony (q. t.\ who became so completely enamored of her as to com- mit suicide when falsely informed of her death, which she presently actually accomplished, it is said by caus- ing herself to be bitten by an asp, on the capture of Alexandria by Octavianus, afterwards called Auguf- tus, B.C. 80 (see Liddell's Hist, of Rome, chap. Ixx>
Coin of Antony and Cleopatra.
CLEOPHAS
385
CLERGY
Joaepfaiis often lefcn to hex profligate oonduct (see I Aitt. ziv, 13, 1) as well as her artfal cruelty (Ant, zy, 3, 5 and 8 ; War^ i, 19, 1), and narrates her nnsaccess- ' fal attempt to draw even Herod into an amour (AnL ' XV, 4).
7. One of Herod's wives, a native of Jerusalem, and mother of his sons Herod and Philip (Josephus, Ami, xvii, 1, 8 ; War, i, 28, 4).