The Koman law calls concubinage an allowed cos- tom (UcUa contuetudo). When this expression ocean in the constitutions of tiie Christian emperors, it sig- nifies what we now sometimes call a marriqge rfesm- tdmoe. The concubinage tolerated among tl^ Bo- mans, in the time of the Bepublic and of the heatfaea emperors, was that between perscms not capable of contracting legal marriage. Inheritances inigfat*de- scend to duldren that sprung from sdch a tolerated cohabitance. Concubinage between snch persons tliej looked on as a kind of marriage, and even allowed it several privileges ; but then it was confined to a sin- gle person, and was of perpetual obligation, as mach as marriage itself (Gaii, Inttitui, lib. i, § 109 sq. ; Jos- tin. InstUut. Ub. i, tit. x). Hottomaa observes that the Romans had allowed concubinage long before Ju- lius Cssar enacted the law by which eveiy one was at
CONCUPISCENCE
461
CONDESCENSION
3>erty to many as many wives as he pleased. The smperor Yalentinian, Socrates tells us, allowed eyery QDan two. Concabiiiage is also used to signify a mar- riage with a woman of inferior condition, to whom the bosband does not conrej his rank. Di^ (Paiatilla) obeeryes that the ancient laws allowed a man to es- ponse, under the title of ooncnbine, certain persons who were esteemed unequal to him on account of the want of some qualities requisite to sustain the ftiU honor of marriage; and he adds that, though such oon* cuUnage was beneath marriage both as to dignity and civil rights, jet was concubine a reputable title, and very diffbrent fipom that of "mistress" among us. The connection was considered so lawful that the oon- cnbine might be accused of adultery in the same man- ner as & wife (see Smith's Did, <fClati, Antiq, s. y. Concubina).
' This kind of coneabinage is still in use in some coun- tries, particnlarly in Germany, under the title otkaHhehe (half.marriageX left-hand or morganatic marriage, in allusion to the manner of its being contracted, namely, by the man giving the woman his left hand instead of the right. This is a real marriage, though witliout the usual solemnity, and the parties are both bound to each other forever, though the female cannot bear the husband's name and title. — Kitto, s. v. ; Smith, s. v. See Mabbiaos : Coitcubivaob.
Cononpiflcenoe (Lat. eona^Mfcmfui), evil desire (ji'KiBvfua, Bom. vii, 8 ; ImOvfjua luuajy CoL ill, 5) ; generally used in the sense of indwelling sin. The term is especially used in Roman Catholic theology. For its import there, and the controversy concerning it, seeSur.
Conder, Josiah, born in London 17th September, 1789, was the son of a bookseller, and very early dis- played a taste for literature. In 1814, being at the time a bookseller, he purchased the EcUetie RevieiOy of which he continued to be editor until 1887. Under his management the EcUctie Review received the as- sistance ^ many eminent men among the Noncon- fiyrmists, snch as Robert Hall, John Foster, Dr. Chal- mers, Dr.Vaughan, and otherB. In 1818 he published a treatise On ProtluktsU NonconformUjf (Lond. 2 vols. 8vo); in 1824 The SUxr m the East, a poem; and in m 1884 a new translation of the I^ptOk to the Hebrew, vUh Notes, In 1886 he edited The CongregaHonod Hyam^book, issued under the sanction of the Congre- gational Union. Besides these, he issued An Analft- teal View ofaO Beligione (1888, 8yo); Eoepotition of the Apoetdypee (8vo) ; UUerary Hutory ofN, T, (1845, 8yo). His works are chiefly compilatbns, but are carefully executed, and well adapted to popular use. He died Dec 27, 1855.
Condesoeiiftioii, a term both earlier and more conect for the modem theory of the Acoommoda- nov (q. y.) of Scripture ; we have therefore reserved fat this place some remarks supplementary to the artip ele under that head. The general idea expressed by the term Acoommodation is that some object is present- ed, not in its absolute reality as it is in itself; but under Mme modification, or under some relative aspect, so as the better to secure some end at which the writer or speaker aims. Of this leading conception there are several forms known among Biblical scholars under the titles of /mol and moi^fta/ accommodation. The following is a somewhat fuller analysis.
t Aflol—This takes place when aperson is set forth tt behig or as acting under some modified character, 'ceommodated to the capacity for conceiving him, or the hidination to receive him, of those to whom the representation Is addressed. Thus God is fluently ^ Scripture described anthropomorphically or anthro- POpathically, L e. not as he is in himself, but relative- ly to human modes of thought and apprehension. See ^^rrHKopoMOBPHisic. So also the apostle describes ws^ It becoming all things to all men, that by all
means he might save some ; L e. he accommodated himself to men's habits, usages, and modes of thought, and even pr^udioes, in order that he might disarm their opposition, and secure a favorable reception for the gospel of salvation which he preached. This spe- cies of accommodation is what tilie Christian fathers usually have in view under the terms uvyKard^aauQ, or condeecemiOy and olKovofua, or di^peneatio. They apply these terms also to the incarnation and state of humiliation of Christ, which they regarded as an ac- commodation to the necessities of man's case for hik redemption. (See Suicer, Theaaurue EocL s. v. <rvy Kara^amc and olxovofua; Cliapman's Miacellaneous TraeU r^atmg to Antiquitiff London, 1742.) To this head may be referred many of the symbolical actions of the prophets.