ConditionaL Strict Calvinists maintain that the decrees of Grod with regard to the salvation or damna- tion of individual men are ahtolute; Arminlans, that they are conditional. The Pelagian doctrine is that God*s will to grant grace to men is always conditioned on their so using their natural power as to merit that grace. To say that Ciod decrees to save all men if they win, i e. if they, without grace, are willing to obc^ God, is Pelagian; to say that God wills to save sU men if they will use the prevenient grace given to them, which they are left at liberty to resist, is Ar- minian. See Abmikiaiosm ; Grace.
Condillao, Etiezinb Bonnot db Mablt, one of the chief French philosophers of the 18th century, brother of the abb^ Mably, was bom at Grenoble in 1715. At the age of thirty he published his first im- portant work, E$»ai ntr Vorigine dee conncueeancee hu- fliomef (Amsterdam, 1746, 2 vols. ; Eng. transl. by Th. Nugent, 1756), by which he largely contributed to the spreading of the views of Locke in France, and to their &rther development. This book is a natural history of human cognition, the foundation of which is found by Condlllac in the sensuous impressions and their transformations. To reftite the metaphysical systems which do not proceed from experience, he wrote his Traiti dee Syt&mes (Amsterdam, 1749, 2 vols.). His riews on the origin of human cognition were more iuUy developed in his Tr<M dee SentaOons (Amster- dam, 1754, 2 vols.). As he was charged with having plagiarized from Diderot and Buffon, he wrote for his defense Traits dee Animaux (Amsterdam, 1775). By all these writings Condillao became one of the chief representatives of Sensualism, although he steered dear of the Materialism of his age. His knowledge had procured for him at an early age the position of tutor of the infante of Parma, a nephew of Louis XV. He wrote for him a Court d'Hude (Parma, 1775, 18 vols.), which contains a grammar, sLa Ari d'icrire, an Art de raimmnerj an Art depeneery and a universal his- tory. In 1768 he was made a member of the French Academy. During the latter part of his life he lived very retired, and died August 8, 1780. His complete vofrks have appeared in several editions (CEuvres Com- l^tei, Paris, 1798, 28 vols. ; 1808, 82 vols. ; 1824, 16 vols.).— (Brockjiaus) Convereat. Lex. s. v. ; Wetzer u. Weltc, Kircken-Lex, ii, 764.
Condnlt O^^^ri, tealah' [from ni», alah, to o*- eend, Gesenius, Thee. Heb. p. 1022], a chcamd^ "water- course," Job xxxviii, 25, stream, Ezek. xxxi, 4, or "trench," 1 Kings xviii, 32-88), spoken of the aqu^ dud made by Hezekiah for conveying the waters from
the upper pool in the valley of Gihon into the western part of Jerusalem (2 Kings xviii, 17 ; zx, 20 ; Isa. vii, 8 ; xxzvi, 2) ; apparently the same with that which now supplies the mosque enclosure with water fh>m the pools at Bethlehem. It seems at first to have been an open trench, but was closed by Hezekiah with ma- sonry on the approach of the Assyrians (Sirach xlviii, 12). See Jerusalem.
1. Although no notice is given either by Scripture or by Josephus of any connection b^ween the pools of Solomon beyond Bethlehem and a supply of water for Jerusalem, it seems unlikely that so laige a work as the pools should be constructed merely for irrigating his gardens (Ecd. ii, 6) ; and tradition, both oral and as represented by Talmudical writers, ascribes to SoU omon the formation of the original aqueduct by which water was brought to Jerusalem (Maundrell, Early Trav, p. 458 ; Hasselquist, Trav. 146 ; Lightfoot, Deecr. Tempi, c. xxiii, vol. i, 612 ; Robinson, i, 890). Pon- tius Pilate applied the sacred treasure of the Corban to the work of bringing water by an aqueduct ftvm a distance, Josephus says of 800 or 400 stadia {^ar^ ii, 9, 4), but elsewhere 200 stadia, a distance which would fidrly correspond with the length of the existing aque- duct with all its turns and windings {Awl, xviii, 8, 2 ; Wmiams, Udy City, ii, 501). His application of the ivbey in this manner gave rise to a serious disturb- ance. Whether his work was a new one, or a repara^ tion of Solomon's original aqueduct cannot be deter- mined, but it seems more than probable that the an- cient work would have been destroyed in some of the various sieges since Solomon's time. The aqueduct, though much injured, and not serviceable for water beyond Bethlehem, still exists ; the water is conveyed from the fountains which supply the pools about two miles S. of Bethlehem. The watercourse then passes fh>m the pools in a N.E. direction, and, winding round the hill of Bethlehem on the S. side, is carried some- times above and sometimes below the surface of the ground, partly in earthen pipes and partly in a chan- nel about one foot square of rough stones laid in ce- ment, till it approaches Jerusalem. There it crosses the valley of Hinnom at the S.W. side of the city on a bridge of nine arches at a point above the pool called Birket ee-SuUdnf then returns S.E. and £. along the side of the valley and under the wall, and, continuing its course along the east side, is finally conducted to the Haram. It was repaired by Sultan Mohammed Ibn.KaLi6n of Egypt about A.D. 1800 (Williams, Holy City, ii, 498; Baumer, Pal p. 280; Robhison, i, 514; ii, 166 ; new ed. ili, 247). See Pool.