Cordeliers, a name given to the Franciscans (q. V.) in France. The name b said to have originated in the war of St. Louis against the Infidels, in which the friars having repulsed the barbarians, and the king having inquired their name, it was answered they were people cordelUs, that is, tied with ropes. See Fban-
CISCANS.
Cordoxmiers et Tailleurs, FbIres (brothers Shoemakers and Tailors), the title of a religious society founded in France by Henry Michael Buch, a shoe- maker, in 1645. They chose as their patron Crispin and Crispinian, tw^o sainted shoemakers. They lived in community, and under fixed statutes and officers, by which they were directed both in their temporal and spirtual concerns. The produce of their labor was put into a common stock to famish necessaries for their support ; any surplus was distributed among the poor. The society became extinct in the French Revolution.
Cordova, an ancient city of Spain (called by the Romans Corduba), seat of a Roman Catholic bishop, and noted for its cathedral church, which is the most beautiful of all Spain. 1. A celebrated Synod of Cor- dova was held on occasion of the persecution of Span- ish Christians from 850 to 859, during the caliphate of Abderrahman II (f 852) and of Mohammed. The synod was called at the wish of Abderrahman, in or- der to enjoin moderation upon monks and others who craved martyrdom by provoking the Mohammedans. In accordance with this wish, the council, of which the metropolitan Hostegis of Bfalaga seems to have been the leading spirit, forbade self-sought martyrdom. This action met at once with a determined opposition on the part of the rigorists, who called the synod tm- prum condUabubtm, The acts of the council are lost, as it soon came to be generally disowned by the Span- '^ Church. 2. The School of Cordova was one of the
most celebrated literary institutions of the Arabs m Spain. It was founded about 980 by caliph Habsi II, and had the largest Arabic librar}- in Spam, vkkk^ { according to one, undoubtedly exaggerated, aocoat^ numbered as many as 600,000 volumes. The icbooi of Cordova became in particular celebrated for tb4 impulse which it gave to the study of the Aristotelisa philosophy. One of the most celebrated professoisflf J Cordova was Averrhoes (q. v.). The ccmquest ni Ov' ] dova by the Christians put an end to this school, u ' also to the flourishing Talmudic school of tfaa anae dty. — Herzog, Bsai'EncjfUopdSe, a. v.
Co'rd (Kop<), a mode of Gnecixing (Eedos. xlr, 18 ; Jade 11) the name of the rebellioas Kobah (q. V.) of the Mosaic history (Num. xvi).
Corea, a dependency of China. It ia an extesh? peninsula, bounded east by the Sea of Japan, soatb bj the Strait of Coren, west by the Yellow Sea and tbe Gulf of Leaotong, and north by Mantcfaoria. It it got- emed by a king, who, though tributary to China, exer- cises virtually an absolute power. TheprevaHinfErdl^ ion is Buddhism. Confhcius also has many foUomn. The area is about 87,550 English square mikf ; tk population, according to a census of 1798, waa 7,841,361, and in 1867 was estimated at 9,000,000. The So^i Catholic missionaries in China and Japan speak ef os- versions of natives of C<»ea to their Church in the In- ter part of the 16th century. In the 17th oentuiy cee of tiie kings of Corea was a patron of the celebntfd Jesuit Adam Schall. There seems always siaee tt have been some small number of Roman Catlufe in Corea, and in 1800 the total number of Chri£ti»^ was reported to amount to 10,000; bat the progR» of the Church was prevented by constant peneo- tion. Early in the present century the missioB cf Corea was placed under the Paris **Congr^ation ef Foreign Missions." The mifsionaries greatly extd the zeal of the native converts, and report a Dsa- ber of accessions to thebr Church. Thus, in 1853, the number of catechumens who were adinitted fo baptism was stated to be 460. A new pervecirtkD broke out in February, 1866. Two Roman Catlutk bishops and seven priests, all natives of France, irere put to death by order of the king for preaching a for- bidden religion. Three others succeeded in conceal- ing themselves, and one of them arrived at ChefiM. China, having been sent by the other two to comma- nicate the sad intelligence. The escaped mimoonT asserted that there were 50,000 converts in Corea, sfid that great consternation was produced among tbem by the fierceness of the persecution. The missiooan' proceeded to Pekin to invoke the aid of the Fraick ambassador. In October, 1866, the French undertook an expedition against Corea, demanding the post^ ment of the three principal ministers who instigate the execution of the missionaries, and the cflodostoe of a treaty guaranteeing the Christiana against fu- ture persecutions. The expedition was not anccessfti and in December returned to ShanghaL Mr.T^'il- liamson, the agent of the Scottish National Bible So- ciety, wrote in 1866 flpom Chefbo, China, that be had visited two Roman Catholic natives of Corta who had come to that port. According to their statement, there are in Corea eleven European priests, vho Ti»- it from house to house. They have no temples, bat worship in private houses. They showed a cat^ chipm containing a ftill statement of their fkith, io which Mr. Williamson was delighted to find mscb truth forcibly expressed. They appeared to be igno- rant of any distinction between Protestantif^m and Bo- man Catholicism, and when Mr. Williamson spoke to them of Jesus, at once saluted him as '*hoIy ftther/' They agreed to act as the puides of the Bev. J. It- Thomas, who offered to accompany them, on tbeh* re- turn to Corea, as the agent of the Bible Society. Sab* sequently Mr. Thomas changed his plan, and embarlud