The other words occasionally translated <'com" in the Bible are i'^ia, betil' (Job xxiv, 6), ''provm- der'' (Isa. xxx, 24) or '"fodder" (Job vi, 6) ; TJJk, ^'. ren (Dent, xvi, 18), elsewhere " IhrtMng-fiocr f* rrajj, hamah' (Deut xvi, 9; Isa. xvii, 5), ^^$tcmding com,'* as often elsewhere; kokkoq (John xii, 24), a "^ra»n" of any kind, as elsewhere ; and oirdpifia O^att. xii, 1), a "corn-field," as elsewhere; besides kindred or dif- ferent terms rendered " beaten com," " standing com," "ears of com," "heap of com," "com ground," etc A single ear is t^Vsil^, Mkibbo'ktA; "pounded wheat," niB'^'?, riphoth" (2 Sam. xvU,19 ; Prov. xxvii, 22). The most common kinds of com were v^ecU, nttfl, chiUah'; barley, M^ri^, tedrah'; tpeU, (A. V., Exod. ix, 82, and Isa. xxviii, 26, "rye ;" Ezek. iv, 9,
* *■ fitches"), nsdSi, kuae^meih (or in plur. form Q*^p^!D, i»MemtmO; and tnHUt, yVH, do^chan: oats are men- tioned only by rabbinical writers. The doubtfid word H^ib, aorah\ rendered "principal," as an epi- thet of wheat, in the A. V. of Isa. xxviii, 25, is prob- ably not distinctive of any species of grain (see Gese- nius, 8. v.). The different products coming under the denomination of com are notieed under the usual heads, as Bablet, Wheat, etc ; their culture under Aoriculturb; their preparation under Bread, Food, Mill, etc.
"Com crops are still reckoned at twenty-fold what was sown, and were anciently much more. * Seven ears on one stalk' (Gen. xli, 22) is no unusual phe- nomenon in Egypt at this day. The many-eared stalk is also common in the wheat of Palestine, and it is of course of the bearded kind. The * heap of wheat set about with lilies' (which probably grew in the field together with it) may allude to a custom of so decorat- ing the sheaves (Cant, vii, 2). Wheat (see 2 Sam. iv, 6) was stored in the house for domestic purposes — ^the
* midst of the house' meaning the part more retired than the common chamber where the guests were ac- commodated. It is at present often kept in a dry well, and perhaps the * ground com' of 2 Sam. xvii, 19, was meant to imply that the well was so used. From Sol- omon's time (2 Chron. ii, 10, 15), i. e. as agriculture became developed under a settied government, Pales- tine was a corn-exporting country, and her grains were largely taken by her commercial neighbor Tyre (Ezek. xxvii, 17 ; comp. Amos viii, 5). * Plenty of com' was paot of Jacob's blessing (Gen. xxvii, 28 ; comp. Psa. Ixv, 18). The ' store-houses' mentioned 2 Chron. xxxii, 28, as built by Hezekiah, were perhaps in consequence of the havoc made by the Assyrian armies (comp. 2 Kings xix, 29) ; without such protec- tion, the country, in its exhausted state, would have been at the mercy of the desert marauders. Grain
'ops were liable to flp^l?! fftrakon', * mildew.' and
flfi'ld, ildddap1um\ 'blasting* (see 1 KiDgs tB, S7)i as well as, of course, to fire by accident or maSaa (Exod. xxit, 6 ; Judg. xv, 6). Some good general re> marks will be found in Saalschutz, ArckdoL d. H^r (Smith, s. v.). See Hubbaitdrt.
Comarlsts, the disciples of Theodoro Combert <v Coomhert, secretary of the SUtes of Holland (f 1590> He wrote against the Romanists, the Lutherans, and Calvinists. He maintained that every rellgioos com- munion "needed reformation, but be said no one had a right to engage in it without a mission aopported br miracles. He was also of opinion that connection wki the visible Church of Christ was not essential to ex- perimental Christianity. Arminius w«s directed b) refute the writings of Coomhert againat predestiB»> tion, and in studying the subject was led to abandoa that doctrine. The complete worka of Coonbert were collected at Amsterdam in 1690 (8 vols. foL), See Mosheim, Church HitUny, iii, 400 ; Beyle, Die- tionarjff s. v. Koomhart, and the article Armisias;-
I8M.
Come^tui (Kopv^Xioc, Let. Con»eUn$y. The cen- turion of this name, whose history occnrs in Acts x, most probably belonged to the Comefn, a noble aad distinguished famUy at Bome. He is reckoned liy Julian the Apottate as one of the few peraoos of £- iimctiom who eiAnraoed Christianity. His etatiien in society will appear upon considering that tbe Bqibib soldiers were divided into legions, each legion into tea cohorts, each cohort into three bands, and each band ipto two centuries or hundreds; and that C<am£m was a commander of one of these' centorlea (uaro9» rapxnc) belonging to the ItaUe band, so called inm its consisting chiefly of Italian soldiers, fonned ovt of one of the six cohorts granted to the procnrators of Judiea, five of which cohorts were stationed at Csaa- rea, the usual residence of tbe procurators (Jabn, BA- Usche Arch&ohgU, ii, 215, Wien, 1824). See Csanv- RION. f'
The reSgiouf potUion of Co^elius before his inter- view with Peter has been the subject of mncfa ddbete. On the one side it is contended that be was what u called a promfyte of the gate, or a Gentile, wbo, baviag renounced idolatry and worshipping the tme God, submitted to the seven (supposed) precepts of Neak, ft^uented the synagogue, and offered sacriilccs fay the hands of the priests, but, not having received ck- cumcision, was not reckoned among the Jewa. la support of this opinion it is pleaded that Ccmellns is ^opovfJUVoQ rbv Qi6v (a man fearing God), ver. 2, the usual appellation, it is alleged, for a proselyte of the gate, as in chap, xiii, 16, 26, and elsewhere ; that be prayed at the usual Jewish hours of pra3rer (x, 90); that he read the Old Testament, because Peter rden him to the prophets (x, 43) ; and that be gave mn^ alms to the JewUh people (x, 2, 22). On tfie other side it is answered that the phrases ^ofiovfuvoi rev 6cov, and the similar phrases evXa/3ac and ei&9^cct are used respecting any persons imboed with rever- ence towards God (x,85; Luke 1,50; ii,25; Od-iH, 22; Rev. xi, 18); that he is styled by Peter oM^^ Xoc (a man of another race or nation), with whom it was nnlauful for a Jew to associate, whereas the law allowed to foreigners a perpetual residence among the Jews, provided they would renounce idolatiy and ab- stain fh>m blood (Lev. xvii, 10, 11, 18), and even oooh manded the Jews to love them (Lev. xix, 38, 84) ; tliat they mingled witii the Jews in the synagogue (Ads xiv, 1) and in private Ufe (Luke vii, 8) ; that, had Cor- nelius been a proselyte of the gate, his conversioa to Christianity would not have occasioned so much sni- prise to the Jewish Christians (Acts x, 46), nor woeld '* they that were of the circumcision** have contended with Peter so much on his account (xi, 2) ; that be ii expressly classed among the Gentiles by James (xr, 14), and by Peter himself, when ^i*iw*Sng the hoaor