Crete (Acts ii, 11) or Cre'tian (Tit. i, 12 and subscr.), a Cretan (Kp^), or inhabitant of the island of Cbbtb (q. v.). Treatises on the notoriously bad character of this people (referred to in the latter pas- sag^ have been written in Latin by Hollebeck (Lngd. B. 1798), Peffinger (Argent. 1701), Schmidt (Lips. 1678), and Steger (Ups. 1684).
Crib (0^3K, ebut'^ a itaH or bam where fodder is stored (Prov. sdv, 4) and where cattle are fed (Job xxxiz, 9; Isa. i, 8); perhaps simply a manger for them to eat out of, as the Sept and Yulg. render in the last-cited passage. See Manoeb.
Crime (Id^^Pt judgment, Ezek. vii, 28 ; MST, eim- mah\ mischie/, ** heinous crime," Job xzxi, U ; o/rca, Acts XXV, 27 ; tycXi^/ia, Acts xxv, 16). See Law ; JuDOE; Punishmbht.
Crimson, "^Sd, tftam' (Jer. iv, 80; elsewhere "scarlet;" fully ''St^ n?Vin, crinuon^worm, Exod. xxv, 4, or n?Vfn ''3tt5, vorm-crimson, Lev. xiv, 4, or simply ^Vin, the worm itself^ Isa. i, 15, all rendered, except in this last passage, likewise "scarlet"), later b''^'1?, harmiV (invariably " crimson," 2 Chron. ii, 7, 14; iii, 14; on this Heb. term, see Lorsbach, AnMo fir morgenldnd, Literatur, ii, 805 ; Gesenius, Thetcmr, p. 714), a well-known red color (Pliny, xxi, 22), of a deep hue bordering on purple (q. v.), and in this re- spect differing from the brighter scarlet (q. v.), yet of a brilliant color (Isa. i, 18 ; comp. Pliny, xxxiii, 40 ; hence XP*^/^ ^^^ > ^ ^^ Matt, xxvii, 28, xXafivc kok- Kivri=h^ Xafiirpd in Luke xxiii, U), liighly prized among the ancients for garments and tapestry (Hor- ace, Sat, ii, 6, 102), as articles of luxury with the no- bility (Jer. iv, BO; 2 Sam. i, 24; Prov. xxxi, 21; Lam. iv, 5 ; comp. Martial, iii, 2, 11 ; ii, 89, 1 ; 48, 8 ; Petron. Sat, 82), and with the Romans for the robes of generals and princes (Pliny, xxii, 8 ; comp. Matt, xxvii, 28, where KOKKivri='jn)(nrvpa in Mark xv, 17, 20, and John xix, 4), especially the emperors (Sueton. Dimit, 4). Many of the fabrics of the tabernacle and sacerdotal paraphernalia were also woven (Exod. xxxviii; Num. iv, 8) of threads of thb dye (Gen. xxxviii, 28 ; Josh, ii, 18), which was likewise em- ployed for the curtain of Solomon's Temple (2 Chron. iii, 14 ; comp. Sueton. Nero, 80). The color again oc- curs in the Mosaic ritual (Lev. xiv, 6 ; Num. xix, 6). As to its symbolical significance, Philo (6^. i, 536 ; comp. ii, 148) and Josephus {Ant, iii, 7, 7) think that
it, like the two ncred colors (scarlet and porple), n^ resents the element of fire ; according to B6hr {Sjfm* 6oZ. i, 888 sq.), it denotes life (L e. fire and blood., which are both red); while others find in it lAher typical allusions. See Dtk.
Crimson is obtained from the pulverised codnDeaL berries, ie. the dead bodies and larve-nesta (see Braodt; and Ratzeburg*s Mediein, Zoologie, BerL 1831 aq., i, pi. 26, fig. 15) of a small parasitic insect, the Usak cochineal-worm (H^VltTI, tola'ath), or l^miea (the Oe- cus iUcit of Linn., cl. 4, Tetragyaia), whidi toward the end of April fastens itself, like little raisins, in tW form of round reddish or violet-brown bernea ^ni the twigs, less frequently on the leaves, of the pahs- oak (TTpIvoc or tj KOKKoCyOex aqmfoUa or coeetftra; comp. Theophrastus, Plant, iii, 16; Plinj, xri, Ii; Pausanias, x, 86, 1 ; see Kirby, EntomoL i, 851 ; Ca- vier, Anim, King, iii, 604, 608). This shrubby tne. some two or three feet high, grows abundantlj in Asis Minor and Hither Asia (certainly also in F^estiiK: see Belon, Obterv, ii, 88), as well as in Southern Eb* rope, has oval, pointed, evergreen, thorny leaves, a grayish smooth bark, and bears round scarlet ber- ries in clustered tufts (Dioscor. iv, 48). Among thr ancients, the Phcenicians generally supplied the r»t of the world with crimson materi^s, and best under- stood the art of dyeing this color (2 Chron. 3, 7; comp. Pliny, ix, 65). (See Beckmann, B«er. Ill, 1 1 sq. ; Bochart, ffierot, iii, 524 sq. ; Braon, De mOiU gacerd. L i, c. 15, p. 215 sq. ; Hartmann, Hebr. i, 3^ sq. ; ill, 195 sq. ; Permg Cydopiadia^ s. v. CochineaL) —Winer, i, 218. See Color,
Cripple (x<^^<^t lame, as elsewhere nsnallj ren- dered, or " halt"), a person deprived of the use of the lower limbs (Acts xiv, 8).
Crisp, Tobias, D.D., a divine of the 17th centmy, bom 1600, died rector of Brinkworth 1642. His life was distinguished by charity, piety, humility, and pu- rity, but he was nevertheless chaiged with simooy ia obtaining the living of Newington Butts in 1627. He followed the Puritan side in the ecclesiastical tronblci^ and was an extreme Calvinist, running into Antino- mianism. The Westminster Assembly proposed ts have his sermons burnt. The last edition of them, edited by Gill, appeared in London 1791 (2 vols. 8to), to which the life of Crisp is prefixed. Dr. Crisp ac- knowledges that, " in respect of the rules of rigfateoa»' ness, or the matter of obedience, we are under the lav still, or else," as he adds, ** we are lawless, to live evexy man as seems good in his own eyes, which no true Christian dares so much as think ot" The following sentiments, however, among others, are taught in hb sermons : **The law is cruel and tyrannical, requiring what is naturally impossible." , *•'■ The sins of the elect were so imputed to Christ as that, though he did not commit them, yet they became actually his transgres- sions, and oeaised to be theirs." "The fedings of conscience, which tell them that sin is thora, arise from a want of knowing the truth." " It is but the voice of a lying spirit in the hearts of believers thst saith they have yet sin wasting their consciences, and lying as a burden too heavy for them to bear." "Christ's righteousness is so imputed to the elect thit they, ceasing to be sinners, are as righteous as be was, and all that he was." "An elect person b not in a condemned state while an unbeliever ; and should be tiappen to die before God call him to believe^ he would not be lost." " Repentance and confeasion of sin are not necessary to forgiveness. A believer may cer- tainly conclude before confession, yea, as soon as be hath committed sin, the interest he hath in Christ, and the love of Christ embracing him." These dangerous sentiments, and others of a similar bearing, have been folly answered by many writers, but by none moTB ably than by the Rev. John Fletcher, in his *'Checb to Antinomianism."— Buck, TheoL Diet, a. t. ; Oaa^