CRISPIN AKD CRISPmiAN 667
CRITICISM
Lift of Baxter, ii, 232; Bogne and Bennett, ffiti, qf DitsmterM, i, 400. See Ahtinomiaitism.
Ciiapin and Crispinian, two brothers who, dar- ing the reign of Diocletian, went as mifisionaries from Rome to Gaol, and settled at Soissons. In order to support themselves and to have access to the peo- ple, they became shoemakers. Thus they worked for some time for the propagation of Christianity, until 287, when, by order of the emperor Maximinlanus, they were beheaded. They are commemorated in the Church of Rome on Oct. 25, and are commonly vener- ated as the special patrons of the shoemakers. There is a legend (for which, however, there seems to be no foundation) aboot these saints to the effect that they stole from rich persons the leather to make gratui- tously shoes for the poor. — ^Wetzer u. Welte, Kirchen- Lex, ii, 918.
Crisplng-pin (13'^'^in, charit', something chUeiled; the Sept. translates undistingaishably, Isa. ill, 22). This word properly signifies a casket or pouchy and is elsewhere rendered a " bag" for money (2 Kings v, 28, where the Arabic gives a lecUher moneif-bcuf) ; but in the passage in Isaiah it is to be understood as some kind of female ornament ; probably, like our modem reticule^ it was a richly ornamented purse or small bag, which the women wore attached, to their gir- dles. They are usually described as made of silk, and wrought with gold and silver; but Jahn thinks that ibis purse was made of solid metal, sometimes of pure gold, and fashioned like a cone, with a border of rich cloth at the top. See Obkahent.
CxispiUi (K/oiWoff, for Lat Criaptu, curled; found also in the Talmudists under the forms K&D'^^p and ''BO'^lp), chief of the Jewish synagogue at Corinth (Acts xviii, 8), converted and baptized by the apostle Paul (1 Cor. i, 14) A.D. 50. According to tradition (Constitut, ApoaL vii, 46) he was afterwards bishop of ^gina. The Greek Church observe his festival on the 4th of October.
CritJci Sacri, a very useful work in Biblical lit- erature, undertaken and published by Cornelius Bee, bookseller (London, 1660, 9 vols, fol.), as an append- age to Walton's Polyglot, under the direction of bbh- op Pearson, John Pearson, Anthony Scattergood, and Francis Gouldman. It was reprinted at Frankfort, under the care of Gurtler, in 1695, in 7 vols. In 1698 it reappeared at Amsterdam in 9 vols. ; and a supple- ment of 2 vols, more was published in 1700 and 1701 ; and a second supplement appeared in 2 vols, fol., Amst. 1782. This collection contains all, or most of the books of the 0. T., the entire annotations of Munster, Vata- blus, Castalio, Clarius, Drusius, and Grotius ; brief an- notations of Fagius on the Chaldaic paraphrase of the Pentateuch, and his larger exposition of the first four chapters of Genesis ; the commentaries of Masius 'on Joshua; the annotations of Codurcus on Job; of Pri- csns on the Psalms, and of Bayne on the Proverbs ; the commentary of Forerius on Isaiah, that of Lively on Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, and Jonah ; of Bad- well on the Apocrypha, and Hceschel on Ecclesiastes, etc. On the N. T. it contains the collations of Valla, with the animadversions of Revins ; the annotations of Erasmus, Yatablus, Castalio, Clarius, Zegerus, and Grotius; on particuUu* places and subjects of the K. T., Munster, Drusius, Scaliger, Casaubon, Cameron, Lud. Capellus, Gualtperius, SchuHetus, and PricsBus. There are also a number of philological tracts and dis- sertations, such as John Gregory's Notes and Observa- tions ; Fagius's Comparison of the principal Transla- tions of the 0. T. ; Cartwright's MeUificium Ebrcdeum; Drusius on the Miemdrakes ; Jos. Scaliger and Amama on Tythes ; Lud. Capellus on the Vow of Jephtha and Corban ; Pitheeus De LiMu Bibliorum InUrjprtiaiwni- but; Urstlus De/abrioa Area Noa; Rittershusius De Jwrt A^iorum; Allatiua De EngaatryTmOho ; Monta^
nus on Jewish Antiquities ; Bertram and Cnnsus on the Hebrew Republic; Waser on the Ancient Coins and Measures of the Hebrews, Chaldsans, and Syr- ians ; and many others of a similar description (Orme, Biblioth. BibL p. 128). The Amsterdam edition (169*- 1732, 13 vols, fol.) is the best, being well printed, with additions, and including four volumes of Thetaunu not contained in t^e original edition. Poole's Synop^ tia fdrms an excellent abridgment of this great work.
See COMMENTART.
CxitioiBm, Biblical. This phrase is employed in two senses. Some take it to signify not only the restoration of the text of Scripture to its original state, but the principles of interpretation. This is an exten- sive and improper application. The science is strictly occupied with the text of the Bible. It is limited to those principles and operations which enable the read- er to detect and remove corruptions, to decide upon the genuineness of disputed readings, and to obtain as nearly as possible the original words of inspiration.
I. There are only three or four sources of material for the, work of Biblical criticism, both in detecting the changes made upon the original text, and in re- storing genuine readings : 1. MSS. or written copies 0^ the Bible. 2. Ancient translations into various lan- guages. 3. The writings and remains of those early ecclesiastical writers who have quoted the Scriptures. 4. Critical conjecture; but this must be used with ex- treme caution. See Old Test. ; New Test.