Cypriarch (VivTrpiapxni, "governor of Cyprus*'),
the title of Nicanor (q. v.) as Syrian vieoojaf Ik i and of Cyprus (2 Mace, xii, 2).
Cypros (KvirpoQ, I. e. Cyprus\ the naiBe of » eral females of the Herodian family. See Heks.
1. An Idumean (or Arabian) of noUe fiuih.ii of Antipater the eider, by whom he had fcor a Phasaelus, Herod (the Great), Joseph, and Pbcm^ and a daughter, Salome (Joseph. AnL xir, 7, 3; U 1,9,9).
2. The second of the two dan^ters of Hend^ Great) by Mariamne ; she was married to bcr en Antipater, the son of Salome, Herod's nstcr (Jvfi Anl.iL.ym, 5,4).
3. The second of the two daughten ttf FkMeb (Herod the Great's brother) by his niece Stki^ she was married to Agrippa I, the son of AistK^ by whom she had two sons and three dtogfata ;j»- seph. Awl. xviii, 6, 4 ; War, ii, 11, 6). She oea ^ verted her husband fh>m his purpose of soiGiik (it xviii, 6, 2).
4. The daughter of the above (No. 2) wife ef Ai- tipater; she was married to Alexas SekiM {iw^ Ani. xviii, 5, 4).
5. A daughter by the marriage precefng (ik)L Cy'prus (Kvirpoc), the modem KAris, am pf ta
largest islands in the Meditemnean, and aextte^ ily in importance. It is about 140 milei id kt^ and varies in breadth fh»m 60 to 5 miles. The i^sir of the bland is mountainous, a ridge \aa% drm across the entbe length, attaining its highest el'^ tion near the central region anciently called (\\yt^ It had several names in early a^res, moctlT {otiaL From its numerous headlands and promantoria.^n called Kepatrric, Cerastis, or the Homed; sod ftna exuberant fertility, Maxapia, Maeana, or tki £z^ (Horace, Carm. iii, 26, 9). Its proximity to i»)0> nor, Phoenicia, and Egypt, and its numerooi h^m made it a general rendezvous for merchants. ""CiC wine, and oil," which are so often mentioaed k ti* Old Testament as the choicest productioDS of P^esa* (Deut.xU,17; 1 Chron. ix,29; Neh.x,»; Jcrxn. 12), were found here in the highest perfectka. "^ forests also furnished large supplies of timber ferii?- building, which rendered the conqnest of the i^^ favorite project of the Egyptian kings. It »« *
CYPRUS
627
CYPRUS
9Mt of tlie CTpruns that they could build and com- ste tlieir Tessels without any aid from foreign conn- ea (Ammian. MaicelL xiv, 8, § 14). Among the neral products were diamonds, emeralds, and other BcionB stones, alum, and asbestos ; besides iron, lead, ic, -with a portion of silver, and, above all, copper, e far-famed au Cypriwn, The principal mines were the neighbcvrhood of Tamassus (Strabo, xiv, 6 ; iii, 5, ed. Tauchn^. Pliny ascribes the invention of ass to this island {Nat. Hist, xxxiv, 2). Cyprus is a Dions place in mythological history. The presiding vinity of the island was Venus, who had a celebrated mple at Paphos, and is hence often called the Paphi- 1 goddess. The inhabitants were luxurious and ef- minate (Herod, i, 199; Athen. 12, p. 516; Clearch. tmd A then, 6, p. 255). Nevertheless, literature and le arts flourished here to a considerable extent, even t an early period, as the name of the Cypria Carrn'ma^ icribed by some to Homer, sufficiently attests (Herod. , 118 ; Athen. 15, p. 682). Situated in the extreme astern comer of the Mediterranean, with the range f Lebanon on the east and that of Taurus on the north Istinctly visible, it never became a thoroughly Greek sland. Its religious rites were half Oriental, and its olitical history has almost always been associated rith Asia and Africa. — Smith's Diet, of Class. Geog. \, V. See Paphos.
Cyprus was originally peopled from Phoenicia (Ge- ^enius, Mon. Pkcen. p. 122). Amasis I, king of Egypt, mbdued the whole island (Herod, ii, 182). In the ime of Herodotus the population consisted of Athen- ians, Arcadians, Phoenicians, and Ethiopians (vii, 90) ; ind for a long time the whole island was divided into aine petty sovereignties (Xenoph. Cyrop, viii, 6, 21 ; Pliny, V, 85; Diod. Sic. xvi, 42). It became a part of the Persian empire (Herod, iii, 19, 91), and furnish* ed ships against Greece in the expedition of Xerxes {}b. vil, 90). For a time it was subject to Greek in- fluence, but again became tributary to Persia. After the battle of Issus it joined Alexander, and after his death fell to the share of Ptolemy. In a desperate sea-fight off Salamis (q. v.), at the east end of Cyprus (B.C. 306), the victory was won by Demetrius Polior- cetes ; bat the island was recovered by his rival, and afterwards it remained in the power of the Ptolemies, and was regarded as one of their most cherished pos- sessions (Livy, xlv, 12; Josephus, Awt. xiii, 10, 4; Strabo, xiv, 684; Diod. Sic xix, 59, 79; xx, 21, 47). It became a Roman province (B.C. 58) under circum- stances discreditable to Rome (Strabo, xiv, 684 ; Flor. iii, 9; Veil. Pat ii, 38 ; Dion Cass, xxxviii, 31 ; xxxix, 22). At first its administration was joined with that of ClUcia,bat after the battle of Actium it was separately governed. In the first division it was made an Impe- rial province (Dion Cass, liii, 12). From this passage and from Strabo (xiv, p. 683) it has been supposed by some, as by Baronius, that Luke (Acts xiii, 7>usedthe word avQvTraroQ (jproconsuL, "deputy"), because the island was still connected with Cilicia; by others, as by Grotius and Hammond, that the evangelist em- ploys the word in a loose and general manner. But, in fact, Dion Cassius himself distinctly tells us (ib. and liv, 4) that the emperor afterwards made this island a senatorial province, so that Luke*s language is in the strictest sense correct. Further confirmation is BQpplied by coins and inscriptions, which mention oth- ^Tproconsitls of Cyprus not very remote from the time of Sergius (q. v.) Paulus. The governor appears to have resided at Paphos, on the west of the island. Under the Roman empire a road connected the two towns of Paphos and Salamis, as appears from the Pott, Table. One of the most remarkable events in this part of the history of Cyprus was a terrible insur- TQction of the Jews in the reign of Trajan, which led to a massacre, first of the Greek inhabitants, and then of the insurgents themselves (Milman, Huiory of the •'ewi, iii, 111, 112). When the empire was divided it