A portion of the tribe embraced ChxistUa^. a there is no proof of a Cbristianizatioo of fbe tribe and of the organisation of a nat After his return to Constantinople he a^ain lived his brother Methodius in ascetic retirement mi was sent by the emperor as a missionary to tlie Slavic tribes. Both Greek and BcHnan had for some time been at work axnon^ Hum fs^ which, anxious to preserve its independemt ity, mistrusted both. Constantino gained their oii dence by convincing them that he sympathised n their national sentiments, and had in -view but their conversion to Christianity. He bee founder of a Slavic literature by tranrfatmg into ^a language portions of the Scriptures and the portant liturgical books. For this porpoee he nse^ a alphabet which either had been invented by Ibb n modified from one (the *' Glagolitic"} UMire mmssx, The new alphabet, called after him the ''CyriliL was adopted by most of the Eastern Slavi ^ii]giiu& Servians, Booiians, Slavonians, Roasiane, etc), he subeequentiy underwent in the aeveral eoentries i number of modifications. By prince RafiHriar h was called as a missionary into the Slavic ccwatMi outside of the Greek empire. This Bastislav is |sit ably the same whom the Germans call SastkoL the founder of a great Moravian empire whose ex- act limits cannot at present be defined. Aboat l£ they arrived at the court of Rastislav, the sest d which we do not know, but which was pnbiUT at a point far to the south-east fkom tiie pceies Moravia. By disseminating the Scriptures aad eei' ebrating divine worship in the Slavic langnaep, tk^ soon founded a flourishing Slavic Chnreh in tie territory of Bastislav and other Pannonian pnutL When pope Nicholas I heard of their snccesses he is* vited them to Rome. In 868 thej followed this nri- tation, accompanied by many disciples. Tbeir Skn Bible and Slavic mass attracted great attention, sai the successor of Nicholas (who in the meanwhSe hi died), Adrian II, received them with marks of gntt favor. They presented the pope with tbe relia d Clemens Romanus, and the pope approved their voL inclusive of the Slavic translation of the Bible and tk Slavic liturgy, and declared his intention to orgssise the new churches in the Slavic provinces as an ink- pendent ecclesiastical province, under ConstantiDe sd Mettiodius as bishops. But Constantine, who fek tbe end of his life approaching, preferred to remais u a monk in Rome, assumed, the name of Cyril, waSa which he has since been known in Chorch histoiy, and died a fisw weeks later, Feb. 14, 86ft. Tbe wok of evangeli2ation was continued by Ids brother Melfcd' dins. The works which w»e formerly ascribed ta Cyril (Apologi Morales, Vienna, 1630 ; Opvsealm k Diction. Venice, 1497) are spurious. — ^Herzog, /Ztaof-J^ cyJdqp. iii, 228; Scha&rik, Slav. AUerlh^mer, ii, m; Wattenbach, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der ehnsO. Kirtk in Mahrtn u. Bdhmen (Vienna, 1849) ; A eta Sarnekm^, Mori, ii, 14 ; Dobrowsky, CyriU und Method (Pn^ae, 1828) ; PhUaret (Russian bishop of Ri^a), CyrUhs mi Methodius (German transl., Mittan, 184^; McLai^ Missions in the Middle Ages, chap. ziiL
Csrril Lucar (Ctrillus Lucaru), a Greek ps- triarch of Constantinople, noted for his efibrts ta introduce into his Church the doctrines of the fie- formed (Calvinistic) churches. He waa bora abotf 1568 in Candia, which at that time was under tk sovereignty of Venice and the chief seat of Gie^ scholarship. He studied for several years in Ym- ice and Padua, and subsequentiy made a jooner through several European countries. In Genen, where he staid for some time, he became acqosiat- ed with several prominent theologians of the B^ formed Church. In Lithuania he was rector oft literary institution at Ostrog, and took a proniaest part in opposing tbe projected union of the Gnek
CYIIIL LUCAR
6S5
CTRFS
Tutehes of Poland and Lithuania with Rome. After B Teturn to his native land, he was soon promoted r tiie patriarch of Alexandria to the dignity of an diimandrite. In 1602 Cyril socceeded Meletias as itsriATch of Alexandria. While holding this position 5 carried on an active correspondence with David le ea, de Wilelm, and the Remonstrant U}'tenbogaert * Xlolland, Abbot, archbishop of Canterbury, Leger, rofeesor of Geneva, the repablic of Venice, the Swed- li. king Gnstavas Adolphus, and his chancellor. Axel »2:enstienia. Many of these letters, written in difier- n% languages, are still extant. They show that Cyril ras an earnest opponent of Rome, and a great admirer f the Protestant Reformation. He sent for all the [ni>ortant works, Protestant and Roman Catholic, published in the Western countries, and sent several ronng men to England to get a thorough theological education. The friends of Cyril in Constantinople, lAd among them the English, Dutch, and Swedish tmbaasadors, endeavored to elevate Cyril to the patri- urchal see of Constantinople. They would have suc- ceeded In 1613, after the banishment of the patriarch Timotheas, but for the unwillingness of Cyril to pay fche amount demanded by the Turkish government. After the death of Timotheus in 1621, he was elected bis successor by a unanimous vote of the s3*nod. His life as patriarch was full of vicissitudes. The Jesuits, in union with the agents of France, several times pro- cured Ms banishment, while his friends, supported by the ambassadors of the Protestant powers in Constan- tinople, obtained, by means of large sums of money, his recall. During all these troubles, Cyril, with re- markable energy, pursued the great task of his life. In 1627 he obtained a printing-press frt)m England, and at once began to print his Confession of Faith and several catechisms. But, before these documents were ready for publication, the printing establishment -was destroyed by the Turkish government at the in- stigation (^ the Jesuits. Cyril then sent his Confes- sion of Faith to Geneva, where it appeared, in 1629, in the Latin language, under the true name of the author, and with a dedication to Cornelius de Haga. It created throughout Europe a profound sensation, and many were inclined to regard it as spurious. Cy- ril, however, openly confessed the authordiiip, published in 1633 a Greek edition of the Confession, and in 1686, in a letter to the professors of Geneva, declared his concurrence in the principal doctrines of the Reformed Church. Many opponents, however, now rose against him in the Greek Church, and in 1688 a synod con- vened at Constantinople to try him. But, before sen- tence was pronounced, the Janissaries arrested him by order of the government, carried him to a boat, stran- gled him, and cast the corpse into the sea. Some friends found the corpse and buried it upon an island, and ten years later a solemn funeral was held at Con- stantinople. Several synods condemned the innova- tions attempted by CyrU, but the Confession of Faith was generally treated by them as spurious.