(1.) A great number of Hebr. MSS. read Darda in ;::hron. (Davidson, Hebf, Text^ p. 210), in which they ire followed by the Targum and the Syriac and Arabic rersions. See Daba.
(2.) The son of Zerach would without difficulty be ailed in Hebrew the Ezrachite, the change depending nerely on the position of a vowel point. And further, the change is actually made by the Targum Jonathan, (7hich in Kings has ** son of Zerach.'* See Ezbahite. (3.) The word "son" is used in Hebrew so often to ienote a descendant beyond the first generation that DO stress can be laid on the " son of Mahol" as com- pared with the ' ' son of Zerach." For instance, of the five "sons of Judah" in 1 Chron. iv, 1, the first was really Judah's son, the second his grandson, the thifd his great grandson, and the fourth and fifth still later descendants. Besides, there is some plausibility in the conjecture that " Bene MahoT* means " sons of the choir" (comp. '* daughters of masic," Eccles. xii, 4), in which case the men in question were the famous musi- cians, two of whom are named in the titles to Psalms Ixxxviii and Ixxxix.— Smith, s. v. See Mahol.
Bardar. See Thistle.
Darlo (1^«»7?, darhemcm\ or l^"?!??* adarhon', only in plur. ; Talm. 1*13^?, darhon' ; Sept. xpvaovc ; Vnlg. «o2r2e», drachma ; rendered "dram" [q. v.], Ezra ii, 69; viii, 27; Neh. vii, 70, 71, 72; 1 Chron. xxix, 7), a gold com (Xenoph. Anab. i, 7, 18 ; i, 1, 9 ; vii, 6, 1; Cyrop.v, 2, 7; -ffilian, i, 22; Plutarch, Artax. 22) current in Palestine in the period after the return firom Babylon, and used even fbr the Temple tax (Mishna, SkekaL ii, 4). That the Hebrew word is, m the Bible, the name of a coin and not of a weight, appears fh)m its simiUrity to the Greek appellation of the only piece to which it could refer (Lysias in Eratostb. 11 ; Athen. ^7 634). The mentions in Ezra and Neh. show that the coin was current in Palestine under Cyrus and At- taxerxes Longimanus. At these times there was no large issue of gold money except by the Persian kings, xrho strack the coin known to the Greeks as the (rra- ^P ^Ofstueoci or simply SapeueSg. The darics which We been discovered are thick pieces of pure gold (see Warm, Z>ejxmcisr. ef masnir. p. 68 sq.), of archaic style, bearing on the obverse the figure of a king with bow
and javelin,, or bow and dagger (Plutarch, ArtcoB, 20; Agesilaus, Lac. Apoph. 40), and on the reverse an ir- regular incuse square. Their foil weight is about 128 grains troy.
Persian Gold and Silver Darics.— From the Britiah Maaeam. Actual size.
or a little less than that of an Attic ikUer^ and is most probably that of an early didrachm of the Phosnician talent (see Bdckh, Metrolog. Untertuch. p. 180). They must have been the common gold pieces of the Per- sian empire. The oldest that are often seen cannot be referred to an earlier period than about the time of Cyrus, Cambyses, or Darius Hystaspis, and it is more probable that they are not anterior to the reign of Xerxes, or even to that of Artaxerxes Longimanus. There are, however, gold pieces of about the same weight, but of an older style, fbund about Sardis, which cannot be doubted to be either of Crcssus or of an earlier Lydian king, in the former case the Kpoc- (rilot {ffTarrjpic) of the Greeks (Rawlinson, Herod, i, 561). It is therefore probable, as these followed a Persian standard, that darics were struck tmder Cjms or his nearer successors. The origin of this coin is attributed by the Greeks to a Darius, supposed by the moderns to be either Darius the Mede or Darius Hys* taspis (see Schol. ad Aristoph. Eccles. p. 741 ; Heng- stenberg, Autheniie Dan. p. 61). That the Greeks derived their distinctive appellation of the coin from this proper name cannot be doubted ; but the differ- ence of the Hebrew forms of the former from that of the latter ^.^^'P'j}) renders this a questionable deriva- tion. Gesenius suggests the ancient Persian word Dora (Lex. s. v.), "king;" but (in his Tliesaur. s. v.) inclines to connect the Hebrew names of the coin and that of Darius. In favor of the derivation firom DarOf it must be noted that the figure borne by these coins is not that of any one king, but of the Idng of Persia in an abstract sense, and that on the same principle the coins would rather be called regal coins tiian dar- ics. The silver darics mentioned by Plutarch (Cim. 10) are probably the Persian silver pieces similar in type to the gold darics, but weighing a drachm and a third of the same standard. — Smith, s. v. (See Harenberg, in Ugolini Tke$aur. xxviii ; Eckhel, Doc- trin. num. I, ill, 551 sq. ; Boden, De daricU, Viteb. 1779 ; Wesseling, Obterw. war. Amst 1729, p. 241 sq.) See Monet; Drachma.
Dari'uB (Hebrew Dareyafveshj ^IJ'^^, Ezra iv, 4; Neh. xii, 22; Dan. ix, 1; xi,l; HagVi,"l,16; ii,10; Zech. i, 1, 7 ; vii, 1 ; Chald. the same, Ezra iv, 24 ; r, 5-15; Dan. v, 81; vi, 1-28; Gr. Aapnog, 1 Esdr. ii, 80; m, 1-8; iv, 47; v, 2, 6, 78; vi, 1, 6, 7, 28, 34; vii, 1, 4, 5 ; 1 Mace, i, 1 ; xii, 7 ; Strabo AapHTjKrjQj xvi, p. 785 ; Ctesias Aaptatoi:), the name of several kings of Persia, three of whom are mentioned in the 0. T. and the Apocrypha. The original form of the name, to which the Hebrew and Greek words are only ap- proximations, has been read by Grotefend, in the cu- neiform inscriptions of Persepolis, as Darheush or Darjeush (Heeren's Tdeen, ii, 350), and by Beer as Da^ ryamtuh (AUg. Lit. Zeii. 1838, No. 5). Herodotus as- signs to the name the sense of ipK*fJCi of i according to another reading, ip^thjc (vi, 98) ; probably meaning