DEAD, Baptism of the. See Baptism, tqLl ^ 652, col. 2. DEAD, Burial OF THE. See Bubial; Fusbh- DEAD, Pratebs for thr, a custom that «» » the Church at an early period. Tertullian (23^) rt- marks (De Corona MilU, ch. iii) that it is the pwto for a widow to pray for the soul of her decessed b* band. He also speaks (De Mono^fom. c x) of "<*^ tions" made for the dead on the anniversary rf^ martyrdom. Origen (f 254) speaks of ChristiB* '* making mention of saints in their prayers" (S^ ^ in Rom. xii). Amobius (cir. 800) says that C^"*^ pray for pardon and peace on behalf of the litiag » the dead (adv, Gentes, iv). Cyril of Jerusalen en« declares it to be a considerable advantage for th» ?««■ of the dead to be prayed for (Cat. MftUtff, v, ^ "r same custom is found in many of the ancient litaT?«* Chrysostom (f 407) says of the wicked dead, ^tl»f are to be succored with prayers, supplicstiona, »I» and oblations." While this was the commoa ^ tice, it had no reference to the notion of a purgataj-
DEAF
111
DEAN
f oF tl&e &then regarded soch prajera as littlt tlian a thankflgiving, a commendation of souU e deceased to the mercy of God, and a commem> on of their spiritual excellencies. Still there is oubt tliat not a few of the fathers believed that Bouls of departed believers were not taken at to lieaTvn, hot were in some separate place — OS or Paiadise— out of which the fervent prayers irvivors might help to remove them. So that idea of porgatoiy sprang out of such views in ong space of time. Nevertheless, it is not true, lomanists assert, that prayers for the dead neces- y imply a belief in purgatory. Almost all the ;Usli -writers on purgatory refute this ; e. g. Bor- <M 89 ulrticUs, art zxii; Stillingfleet, Defence of dy p. 64S ; Jeremy Taylor, Diuuasive/rom Popery; Ller, Eccle$, Mitt, qf Great Britain^ v, 288 sq. a the Church of England burial service of 1549, er Cd-ward YI, one prayer was, **We commend » thy hands of mercy, most merciftil Father, the soul his oar brother departed . . . that when the judg- it shall come, which thou hast committed to thy il-beloved Son, both this our brother and we may foand acceptable in thy sight, and receive thy ftslng." ** Almighty God, we give thee hearty inks for this thy servant, whom thou hast delivered m the miseries of this wicked world, from the body death and all temptation ; and, as we trust, hast >iight his soul, which he committed into thy holy nds, into sure consolation and rest : Grant, we be- »ch thee, that at the day of judgment his soul and i the souls of thy elect, departed out of this life, may th OS, and we with them, fully receive thy prom- ts, and be made perfect altogether, through the glo- ona resurrection of thy Son Jesus Christ our Lord.'* nd the next prayer was, *'0 Lord, with whom do re the spirits of them that be dead, and in whom le souls of them that be elected, after they be deliv- red from the burden of the flesh, be in joy and felid- ^, grant unto this thy servant that the sins which e committed in this world be not imputed unto him, ut that he, escaping the gates of hell, and pains of temal darkness, may ever dwell in the region of Lgbt, with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, in the place • here there is no weeping, sorrow, nor heaviness; nd when that dreadful day of the general resurrec- ion shall come, make him to rise also with the just ind righteons, and receive this body again to glory, hen made pure and incorruptible." The prayer was iltimately changed into the thanksgiving form in which it now appears in the Prayer-book : "After the )Sertory in the Eucharist is said, and the oblations of bread and wine, with the alms for the poor, are placed upon the table, the minister addresses this exhortation to the people: *Let us pray for the whole state of Christ's Church militant here in earth.' The latter part of this sentence is wanting in Edward's first book. The words * militant here in earth,' which were de- ngned expressly to exclude prayer for the dead, were inserted in the second book, in which that part of this prayer, which contained intercession for the dead, was expunged. It was the intention of the divines who loade this alteration to denote that prayers are not to be offered up for the dead, whose spiritual welfare is already accomplished ; but for those only who are yet * fighting the good fight of faith,' and are consequent- ly in a capacity of needing our prayers" (Shepherd, cited by Hook, Church Dictionary^ s. v.). Protestants Reject prayers for the dead as having no ground either in Scripture or reason. — Bingham, Orig. Ecdes. bk. xv, ch. iii, § 15; Riddle, Christian Antiquiiies, p. 277 sq. ; Coleman, Ancient Christianity ^ ch. xxv; Browne, On 39 Articles^ art. xxii; Palmer, Oriff, Liiurgica, ch. iv, § 10 , Theol. StucUen u, KrUiken, 1866, ii, 896.
Deaf (^"in, chereth'; Ktoift6c, both, especiaDy the letter, implying dumbness also). Moses extended the