De'lus (or Dblos, A^Xoc, so called from having appeared, iffKoQ^ manifett, fh>m the sea, at the com- mand of Neptune), mentioned in 1 Mace, xv, 28, as one of the places addressed by Lucius in behalf of the Jews, is the smallest of the islands called Cycladefl, in the ^gean Sea (see Smith's Diet. ofCkus, Geog. s. v.), being only about five miles in circumference (Pliny, ii, 89). It was situated between Myconus and Rhe- nasa. It was one of the chief seats of the worship of 4pollo, and was celebrated as the birth-place of this
1 and of his sister Artemis, or Diana (Spanheim on imachus's Hymn to Del.). We learn from Joso-
phus (Ant. xiv, 10, 8) that Jews reodfid m tlb iaa which may be accounted for by tbe fact that, i^i fall of Corinth (B.C. 146), it became tbe cet&n <i\ extensive commerce (Cioero, MamL 18; PIibj.h.s xvi, 89; Livy, xli, 26; xliv, 29; Strabo^ xk.p.* Pausanius, iii, 23). The sancti^ of the spot iSb Greece, iii, 222) and its consequeot security, ai yal, which was a kind of fisSr, tbe excelleiiceafft: bor, and its convenient situatioa on the k^«7f« Italy and Greece to A^ made it a Crroriie ti merchants (Strabo, x, p. 486). So extensrre na commerce carried on in the island thai lO^OW i^ are said to have changed hands there in one dr i% bo, xiv, p. 668). It was cspeciallj oelebntedfrr: bronse (aa Deliaatm, Pliny, xxxir, 2, 4 ; Ckcn.^ 46 ; Verr. ii, 84). Delus is at present omnhafaikis cept by a few shepherds, but oontains exteosn m (Toumefort, i, 849 sq.). It, together with as «^ ng island, is now called Dhiles. See Leake, .V'rtr Greece, iii, 95 sq. ; Roes, Eeiten emf. d. Grieek J»k 80; U, 167; SaWieT, ffiM.de TIsU de Ddm^'m^l^ de FAcad. dei Inecr^. iii, 876 ; Schwenk, Marr'. Part I (Fimncot 1825); Schl&ger, De BAmDi% tav. 1840).
Coin of Deloa.
De Lyra. See Lyba.
De Maistre. See Maistre.
De^'mas (Aw^^y probably a contncdouftw^ fir}Tpi0i:, or perhaps firom Aij/wrpx^c)* a compsRi i the apostle Paul (called by him his f<dlow4abcm, nr ipyog, in Philem. 24; see also Col. iv, 14) ieE&i^ first imprisonment at Rome. B.C. 57. It » !«« period (2 Tim. iv, 10), we find him mentioDed « u- ing deserted the apostle through love of dni pR*^ world, and gone to Thessalonica. B.C. 64. TiBfr parture has been magnified by timdition mto ax «^ tasy from Christianity- (so Epiphanius, ffanL t ' which is by no means implied in the passage (6bc& Ecd. Apoit. p. 811 sq.).— -Smith, a. v.
Demay. See Talmud.
Deme'triUB (ArjfirfrpioQ, probably finon A^^ the Greek name of the goddess Cybele), tie u" originally of several of Alexander's g^enk [^i Smith's Did. of Class. Biog. s. v.), and baiae bf «*• eral of the Macedonian and Syrian pmas^ tws i whom are often referred to in the Apooyiiki, ek three in Josephus ; also by two men meotioDed ii ^ New Test., and by several others in Joseplias.
1. Demetrius I, spmamed Sotkr (Swr^"^ Saviour," in recognition of his services to the B»tf»- nians), king of Syria, was the son of Seleif« H^ Philopator, and grandson of Antiocfans the (^ While still a boy he was sent by his fttberasikv- tage to Rome (B.C. 175) in exdmnge for bif e** Antiochus Epiphanes (Appian, «%r. 45). Ft«a ^ position he was unable to oflfer any oppositka t» '^ usurpation of the Syrian throne by Antioebv H". but on the death of that monarch (B.C. 164) be di» ed his liberty, and the recognition of his dain by th Roman senate in preference to that of h» coa0 ^ ochus y. His petition was refrised finom seUobfie&T (Polyb. xxxi, 12), and by the advice and •sbs**' of Polybius, whose friendship he had gained st ^t^ (Polyb. xxxi, 19 ; Justin, xxxiv, 8), he left Wj ^ cretly, and landed with a small itarx at Tnpolis* Phoenicia (2 Maoc. xiv, 1 ; 1 Mace vii, 1; io^ Ant. xii, 1). The Syrians soon declared in bti &^ (B.C. 162), and Antiochus and his {Hrotector Lja* were put to death (1 Maoc vii, 2, 8; 2 ¥scc xiv,<>
DEMETRIIJS
741
DEMETRIUS
ing til us gained possession of the kingdom, Dem^ i succeeded in securing the &vor of the Romans yb. :s3cxii, 4), and he turned his attention to the mal organization of his dominions. The Gneciz- party were still powerful at Jerusalem, and he K>rted them by arms. In the first campaign his sral Bacchides established Alcimus in the high- stbood. (1 Mace, vii, &-20) ; but the success was not nanent. Alcimus was forced to take refuge a sec- time at the court of Demetrius, and Nicanor, who • commissioned to restore him, was defeated in two ^ssive engagements by Judas Maccabieus (1 Mace. 31, 82, 48-45), and fell on the field (see Michaelis L Mace, vii, 82, against Wemsdorf, Dejide Maccab. .24 8q. ; also Joseph. AtU, xii, 10, 2). Two other ipaigns were undertaken against the Jews by Bac- ies ^B.C. 161-158) ; but in the mean time Judas had [1 pie ted a treaty with the Romans shortly before his ith (B.C. 161), who forbade Demetrius to oppress Jews (1 Mace, viii, 81). Not long afterwards De- trius further incurred the displeasure of the Romans the expulsion of Ariarathes from Cappadocia (Po- >. xxxj, 20 ; Justin, xxxv, 1), and he alienated the ection of his own subjects by his private excesses istin, L c. ; oomp. Polyb. xxxiii, 14). When hi» wer was thus shaken (B.C. 152), Alexander Balas IS brought forward, with the consent of the Roman late, aa a claimant to the throne, with the powerful pport of Ptolemy Pbilometor, Attalus, and Ariara- e«. Demetrius vainly endeavored to secure the scr- ees of Jonathan, who had succeeded his brother Ju- .8 as leader of the Jews, and now, from the recollec- >n of his wrongs, warmly favored the cause of Alex- ider (1 Mace, x, 1-6). The rivals met in a decisive igagement (B.C. 150), and Demetrius, after display- ig the greatest personal bravery, was defeated and ain (1 Mace, x, 48-50 ; Joseph. AtU. xiii, 2, 4 ; Polyb. I, 5). In addition to the very interesting fragments r Polybius, the following references may be consult- i : Justin, xxxiv, 8 ; xxxv, 1 ; Appian, Syr. 46, 47, 7 ; Livy, Epit. xlvii; Euseb. Arm. Chron. p. 165. He $ft two sons, Demetrius, sumamed Nicator, and An- iocbus, culled Sidetes, both of whom subsequently as- ended the throne. — Smith, s. v. See Antiocuus.