Mace. X, 74-82). In spite of these hostilities, Jona- than succeeded in gaining the favor of Demetrius when he was established in the kingdom (1 Mace, xi, 23-27), and obtained from him an advantageous commutation of the royal dues and other concessions (1 Mace, xi, 82 -87). In return for these favors the Jews rendered important services to Demetrius when Tryphon first claimed the kingdom for Antiochus VI, the son of Alexander (1 Mace, xi, 42) ; but afterwards, being of- fended by his faithless ingratitude (1 Mace, xi, 58), they espoused the cause of the young pretender. In the campaign which followed, Jonathan defeated the forces of Demetrius (B.C. 144 ; 1 Mace, xii, 28) ; but the treachery to which Jonathan fell a victim (B.C. 148) again altered the policy of the Jews. Simon, the successor of Jonathan, obtained very favorable terms from Demetrius (B.C. 142); but shortly afterwards Demetrius was himself taken prisoner (B.C. 188) by Arsaces (q. v.) VI (Mithridates), king of Parthia, whose dominions he had invaded (1 Mace, xiv, 1-8 ; Justin, xxxvi; Joseph. AtU, xiii, 5; Livy, Eint. lii). Appian and Justin place this captivity of Demetrius before the revolt of Tryphon, but the order of the nar- rative in the look of Maccabees is most probable (not- withstanding Wemsdorf, De fide Maccab, p. 137 sq.). Mithridates treated his captive honorably, and gave him his daughter Rhodoguna in marriage (Appian, Syr. 67); and after his death, though Demetrius made seYeral attempts to escape, he still received kind treat- ment from his successor, Phraates. When Antiochus Sidetes, who had gained possession of the Syrian throne, invaded Parthia, Phraates employed Demetri- us to eflfect a diversion. In this Demetrius succeeded, and when Antiochus fell in battle he again took pos- session of the Syrian crown (B.C. 128). Not long af- terwards a pretender, supported by Ptolemy Physcon, appeared in the field against him, and after suffering a defeat he was assassinated, according to some by his wife Cleopatra (Appian, Syr. 68), while attempting to escape by sea (Justin, xxxix, 1 ; Joseph. Ant. xiii, 9, 8). — Smith, s. v. See Cleopatra.
retradrachm (Attic Talent) of Demetriun I Obverse: Head of DcmvtriuH to the right. lievertir: Legend (in Greek), '^ Of king DemetrhiH Soter ;" in the field, raonogrnm and Ml; hi exergue, aHP (161 of ^Er. Seleuc); seated female figure to the left, with sceptre nnd cornucopia.
2. DsMETRirs II, sumamed Nicator (Sucdnop^ "the Victor;" so on coins, Eckhel, iii, 229 sq. ; else- where Nicanor), king of Syrw, was the elder son of Demetrius Soter, precedintr. He was sent by his fa- ther, together with his brother Antiochus, with a large treasure, to Cnidus (Justin, xxxv, 2), when Alexander Halas laid claim to the throne of Syria, and thus es- caped falling into the hands of that usurper. When he was grown up, the weakness and vices of Alexan- der famished him with an opportunity of recovering his father's dominions. Accompanied by a force of Cretan mercenaries (Justin, 1. c. ; com p. 1 Mace, x, 67), and aided by Ptolemy Pbilometor (1 Mace, xi, 19; I>iod. Sic. Ed. xxxii, 1), whose daughter Cleopatra was promised to him, ho made a descent on Syria (B.C. 148 or 147\ and was received with general favor (1 Mace. X, 67 sq.). Jonathan, however, still supported the cause of Alexander, and defeated Apollonius^ whom Demetrius had appointed governor of Coelc-Syria (1
Tetradrachm (Attic Talent) of I )emetriu8 II . Obveree : Head of Demetriuii to the right. liererw: Inpcriptlon (in Greek), "Of kisg Demetrius Theos I^hiladelphuB Nicator:" in ex- erguf , SPO (loot ^r. Selene). Apollo to the lett, seated on cortina, with arrow and bow.
3. Demetrius III, sumamed EoCiKRUS (Eviratpoc* i. e. ** the Opportune) ;" on coins Theos Philopator and SoTER (Eckhel, iii, 245, 246), king of Syria, was the fourth son of Antiochus Grypus, and grandson of Demetrius II. During the civil wars that followed the death of his father, he was set up as king of Da- mascus, or Ccele-Syria, by the aid of Ptolemy Lathy- rus, king of Cyprus ; and after the death of Antiochus Eusebes, he nnd his brother PhUip for a time held the whole of S>Tia (Joseph us, ArU. xiii, 18, 4). His as- sistance was invoked by the Jews against the tyranny of Alexander Jannaeus (q. v.); but, thouixh he defeat- ed this prince in battle, he did not follow up the vic- tory, but withdrew to Berosa. War immediately broke out between him and his brother Philip ; and Strator, the governor of Beroea, who supported Philip, having obtained assistance from the Arabians and Parthians, blockaded Demetrius in his camp, until he was com- pelled by famine to surrender at discretion. He was sent as a prisoner to Mithridates (Arsaces IX), king of Parthia, who detained him in an honorable captiv-
DEMETRIUS
742
DEMME
iiy tfl] Ub detth (JoMphns, Ant, xiii, 14). His bear data from 218 to 224 i£r. Seleocid., L e. B.C. 94- 88. See Stria.
Coin of DemetrioB III.
4. Surnamed Phalbbbus (6 4aXiypW;Ct thePkederi. oil), the sealona keeper of the Alexandrian libraiy un- der Ptolemy Philadelphos, who at his suggestion un- dertook.the Septuagint (q. v.) venion, and secured the benefit of the criticism of the resident Jews upon the translation (Josephus, Ant. xii, 2, 1, 4, 18). See Oster- mann, IM Dem, Phal. vUa^ rebm gestU H scriptorum r^ liquUi (pt. i, Hersfeld, 1847, 4to).