4. Chorbah^, fl3*jn (Sept iprifioQ, etc ; A.V. usu- ally " waste," "desolate," etc.), from S^n, to be dried up, and hence desolate, is a more general term de- noting a drjf place (Isa. xlviii, 21), and hence detola- (Psa. ix, 6), or concretely detolate (Lev. xxvi, 81,
88; Isa.znz,14; Ixiv, 10 ; Jer. tS, S4 ; xri.5:i 9,11,18; xxvii,12; xUv, 2,6,22; EzdLT.lj i 18; xxix, 9, 10; xxv, 4; xxviil, 8), or rw 1 xxxvi, 10,88; xxxviii, 12; Mja.i,4; Ut.^ Ixi, 4). It is generally applied to whaX hse M dersd desolate by man or neglect (Esm ix5j cix,10; Isa.xliv,26; li,8; lii,9; Jer.xfix,1^.| xxvi, 20; xxiii, 24,27; xxxvi, 4; Daa.lx.f. employed in Job iii, 14, to denote boibfiBgi tbi| ily fkll to ndn (comp. Isa. v, 17, the nnaed be* the rich). The only passage where it expreaiai uyd waste or "wilderness" is Isa. xlvm,2^V refers to that of SinaL It does not occar in i torical passage, and is rendered "desert" fldri cU, 6; Isa. xlviii, 21; Eaek. xiU, 4.
5. The several deserts or wildemes Scripture (besides the above) are the fidkvii^ will be found under their respective i Detert ofSkwr or EOum (Num. xxxiS,8; Ex-4 17; XV, 22); (2.) the Detert of Partm (Ktaii xiii, 8) ; (8.) the Detert of Sinai (Exod. xix): Detert of Sin (Exod. xd, 6); (6.) the Daerif (Num. XX, 1)— 4hese are probably <mly c' of the great Arabian Detert, distingnisbed bf » proper names ; (6.) the Detert of Jndak, ar J (Psa. Ixiii, in the title ; Luke i, 80) ; (7.) the / Ziph (1 Sam. xxiii, 14, 15) ; (8.) the Detai ^h (Josh. XV, 62) ; (9.) the Dem-i of Carmd (J.>i 55) ; (10.) the Detert of Mam (1 Sam. xxm, 31 1 ; I the Detert ofTehoa (2 Chron. xx, 20>-the«ti;'| ably only parts of the Detert ofJndak; (11) t ert ofJerichOy separating the Mount of OUtvs £ city of Jericho (Jer. Iii, 8) ; (IS.) the Dttai «/i Aven seems to be a part of Mount Ephrahn Q^M 12) ; (14.) the Desert (fDamatcue (1 Kings ml the same as the Desert Syria, where TadmomI (1 Kings ix, 18).
6. ''Detert" or "wndemess" is also the i^i^:: Scripture of temptation, solitude, and penecstxa ,U| xxvii, 10; xxxiii, 9). The figure is soaetaoEr blematical of spiritual things, as in Isaiah xfi, 15: <!• in chap, xxxii, 15, where it refers to natkms is ii- there was no knowledge of God or of divine tr^ that they should be enlightened and made to j^ fruit unto holiness. A desert is mentkmed as tb« -tt" bol of the Jewish Church and people, when tk; ^^ forsaken their God (Isa. xl, 8) ; it is also spokes ^f^ reference to the conversion of the Gentiles (Isa. or. 1). The solitude of the desert is a subject oftra » ticed (Job xxxviii, 26 ; Jer. ix, 2), The desert « considered the abode of evil spirits, or at )mA ^' occasional resort (Matt xii, AZ ; Luke xi, 30,iB ^r- ion held also by the heathen (Vlrg. .£n. ri, 2^). (i^ Wemyss's CUmt Symhdlica, s. ▼).
Deaire. See CowcupiscKifCB ; Sni.
Desire (Ecd. xii, 5). See CAPSB-PLAn.
DESIRE OP ALL Nations (n'^liTris rr:r> deUght of all ike naticmt; Sept ra IcKtm. rwrrm'^ i^atv ; Vulg. desideratut cunetit geniibus) is ffi ispi sion (Hag. ii, 7) usually referred as a title torkt^ siah (see in Henderson, Comment, in locXbatdesKO! rather the d^icest treasures of the Gentiles (ooaf ^* Ix, 8-7), which are figuratively represented tsu^^ tion to the Messianic dispensaUon (see Voait,Cmn^ in loo. ; Sartorius, De veniuro genHnm Dtsidui^ I^'^ 1766).
Desk, in the Church of England, a railed r^ otherwise called a "reading-pew** (see rabne ^ '' Commination**), set up in the body of the cben- from which, since the beginning of the reign of J<p- I, it has been appointed that the daily mormsg ^ evening service should be read, the cbancdl)*^^ been used for that purpose before the above p^ In the Protestant Episcopal Church of tbi Ca** States there is no rubric on the sultject
DESMARES
159
DESSERVANTS
B, T0US8AINT Gui Joseph, a celebrated th preacher and controversial writer, was bom at in 1599. He entered at an early age the new regation of the Oratory, where Father (subse- iy cardinal) Berulle became his spiritual adviser, later, his friend. As a preacher, from 1688 to he met 'with marked snccess. A profound study s works of St. Augustine made him an adherent e Jansenists, whose doctrines he defended with a (¥hich made him many enemies. He was forbidden •ulpit, and a letire de cachet was obtained against bat he had time to escape. By another lettre he was d to Qoimper, whence he was in IXbS permitted to "n. He then went to Bome to plead the cause of Jansenists, and delivered in the presence of the a remarkable speech, which was published in the nal de St. Amour. On his return to France he to conceal himself until 1668, when the archbishop aris appointed him to preach during Advent in the x;h of St. Roch. But soon he was again obliged ee, bat he found a powerful protector, Arst in the e of Laynes, and subsequently in the duke of Li- mrt. He died at Liancourt on Jan. 19, 1669. All -works that are published are of a ^controversial racter ; some others, e. g. TraiU de VEgliae^ still re- n unpablished. — Hoefer, Biog. GhUrale, ziii, 842. ^esmarets. See Mabesius. Desolation, Abomination of (fiSeXvyfta rfjc fiuHT€u>c, Matt, xxiv, 15 ; Mark xiii, 14, as a trans- ion of ti'niaTQ y^p^)j especially in Dan. ix, 27, nd for the overspreading (w]33, wmg) of ahomnor %$ he shaH make U detokOe" (so the A. Y. vague- and inaccurately renders). Here an especial dif- ilty in the interpretation of the phrase is created the ambiguity of the term 7}33, which is usually yarded as eqtuvalent to the Trrcpvycov, or Mcinglet pinnacle") of the Temple (Matt, iv, 6 ; iv, 9). See A'NACLE. "We believe," says Hftvcmick, "that all the meanings of &|33 that are sufficiently sup- •rted, none so commends 'itself as that of border^ •operly of a garment, e. g. 1 Sam. xv, 27 ; Num. xv, \\ Ezra V, 8; Zech. viii, 28; Hag. ii, 12; then sec- idarily of places, regions of the earth, hence pifiSS '];Kil, the ends, limits, uttermost parts of the earth, 5b xxxvii, 8 ; xxxviii, 18 ; Isa. xi, 12 ; Ezek. vii, 2. 3ept. vrkpvyiQ rrjg y^f , the extremity of the earth.) . . . According to this, C]33 would denote here ez- 'emiias regioms, the utmost point or part of a district r of a place, and 0*^2(^)9^ C]33~^?t on the utmost eight of abomination, t e. on the highest place where }x)mination could be committed. But the highest K)int in Jerusalem was the Temple, and it must be this rhich is thus designated here. We admit that this neaning would be obscure before the fulfilment of the t)rediction ; but this we hold to be only a characteris-