XdW TOV KOfffiOV TOVTOV OT ^ibg TOV alGiVOQ TOVTOVf
John xii, 81 ; xiv, 80 ; xvi, 11 ; 2 Cor. iv, 4 ; Eph. ii, 2), although destined to a Aiture fearful sentence (2 Pet. ii, 4 ; Jude 6), when Christ shall appear to overthrow the kingdom of Satan (1 John ii, 8) ; indeed, Satan has already through him received his condemnation (John xii, 31 ; xvi, 11 ; comp. Heb. ii, 14). The later spec- ulations of tlie Jews on the su^ect of Satan and dae- mons may be seen in Eisenmenger (EtUdeckt. JnderUh, ii, c. 8, p. 408 sq.). The Targums often introduce Satan into the O. T. text ; in fact, whenever an oppor- tunity presents itself (e. g. Jonath. on Exod. xxxii, 19 ; Lev. ix, 2). On this subject, see especially May- er, Eittoria DiaboU (2d ed. Tub. 1780); Ode, De angt- lis (Traj. ad Rb. 1789), sect. 4, p^ 468 sq. ; Schmidt, in his Biblioth,fur Krit, u, Exegese, i, 526 sq. (»* Compar- ison of the New.-Test. dsBmonoIogy with the Zendic books"); Winzer, De daimonoloyia m N. T, proposita (Viteb. 1812, Lips. 121, incomplete) ; Matth&i, ReHg- ioneglaube der Apostel, II, i, 98 sq. ; Cdlln, BibL TkeoL i, 428 sq. ; ii, 69 sq. ; 229 sq. ; M. Stuart, in the Bibli- otbeca Sacra (1848), i, 120 sq.—Winer, ii, 888. See Anoel; Exorcism; Satan.
Devil-worshippers. See Tezidbbs.
Devoted thing. See Anathema.
Devotee, *'in the primary sense of the word, means a person wholly given up to acts of piety and devotion ; but it is usually understood, in a bad sense, to denote a bigot or superstitious person^ne addicted to ex- cessive and self-imposed religions exercises.** — ^Buck, Thed, Dictionary, s. v.
Devotion (Lat. devoveo, to give up one's self wholly to any object). " It is employed to mean either, 1, that religious habit of the mind which is otherwise called devoutness ; or, and more commonly, 2, the ex- premon of such a state of mind in particular acts and histances of a religious nature. A spirit of devotion is one of the greatest blessings, and the want of it one
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of the greatest mlsfbrtunes, which a Christian can ex- perience. When it is present, it gives life to every act of worship we perform ; it renders every such act interesting and comfortable to onrselvea. It is expe- rienced in oor most retired moments ; in our beds, in oar closets, oor rides, and onr walks. It is folt within us when we are assembled with our children and ser- vants in fttmily prayer. It leads us to chmrdi, to the congregation of onr fellow-Christians there assembled. In an especial manner it accompanies us in our Joint offices of religion, and it returns us to our homes ho- lier, liappier, and better. But that which greatly en- hances its value to every anxious Christian is that it affords to himself a proof that his heart is right towards Qod. When it is followed by an abstinence ftnom sin and endeavors after virtue, by avoiding evil and doing good, the proof and the satisfaction to be drawn fN>m it are complete. Wherever the vital and unadultera- ted spbit of Christian devotion prevails, its immediate objects will be to adore the perfections of God ; to en- tertain with reverence and complacence the various intimations of his pleasure, especially those contained in holy writ ; to aclmowledge our absolute dependence on and infinite obligations to him ; to confess and la- ment the disorders of our nature and the transgressions of our lives ; to implore his grace and mercy through Jesus Christ ; to intercede for oor brethren of man- kind ; to pray for the propagation and establishment of truth, righteousness, and peace on earth ; in fine, to long for a more entire conformity to the will of God, and to breathe after the everlasting enjoyment of his friendship. The effects of such a spirit, habitually cherished and feelingly expressed before hhn, must surely be important and happy. Among these may be reckoned a profound humility in the sight of God, a high veneration for his presence and attributes, an ardent zeal for his worAip and honor, a constant imi- tation of our Saviour's divine example, a diffbsive charity for men of all denominations, a generous and unwearied self-denial, a total resignation to Provi- dence, an increasing esteem for the Gospel, with clear- er and firmer hopes of that immortal life which it has brought to light" (Paley, Semumt, Ser. vQ.
Do'W (b^, taly gentle moitture ; Gr. ipSffoc) is men- tioned as fiilling in the East (Maundrell, p. 77 ^ Robin- son, iii, 479), e. g. in Babylon (Dan. iv, 12, 22), like- wise in Palestine during the summer nights (Bamch, ii, 26), so heavy as to wet like a mode- ate rain (Cant V, 2 ; Judg. vi, 88), the absence of which it somewhat supplies (Ecclos. xviii, 16 ; xliil, 22), greatiy cooling the earth heated by day (comp. Curt. vU, 6, 6), and re- f^shing vegetation (Hasselquist, p. 264; Volney, i, 51 ; Rosenmttller, Morgeni. 1, 122). Thus it is coupled in the divine blessing with rain, or mentioned as a prime source of fertility (Gen. xxvii,28; Deut. xxxiii, 18 ; Zech. viii, 12), and its withdrawal is attributed to a curse (2 Sam. i, 21 ; 1 Kings xvii, 1 ; Hag. i, 10). See iRBiaATioN.