Under the name of Ckristiamts Demoeriius he wrote, Orthodoaia orthodoxorum (1697) i—Papismus protestan^ titm fxqndans (1698) i—Faiwn fatmm (Amst 1710) :— Glanz des EvangeHums Jesu ChrisH (Stockh. 1827) :— Der Begenienspiegel, ein laieimsches Gedicht .—PersonO' Ha (an autobiography, no date). His writings were collected under the title Erdffneter Weg zmn Frieden m. Gott u, alien Creaturen (Amsterd. 1709 ; new collection 1748, 8 vols.).— Ackermann, LebendteschreSmng (Leips. 1781) ; Hoffimann, Lebentbetchreibung (Darmst. 1788) ; Kahnis, German Protestantitm, p. 126 ; Schrdckh, Kir- ehengeschichtSj pt ii, viii, 808 sq. ; Herzog, BeaJL-En- cykl, iii, 42.
Dip^ohs, Church registers, so called because they were originally tablets folded in two leaves (ditrrvxd), wherein, among the early Christians, were recorded the names of bishops and other brethren, whether de- ceased or living, who were entitled to have their names mentioned in the celebration of the Liturgy from hav- ing rendered any signal service to the Church. When a member of the Church was excommunicated, his name was erased from the diptychs. They are stUl in use in the Greek Church.
The diptych of antiquity consisted of two tablets of wood, ivory, or other substance, which folded together, and contained a coating of wax on the interior. On this wax were written at first private letters. In this case the diptych was bound with a cord, and sealed with wax. Later, the emperors, consuls, and other magistrates, to celebrate their elevation to oflSce, sent diptychs to thehr friends, containhag on the exterior of the tablets an engraving of their portrait, or of some circumstance connected with theb official promotion. They were also employed as public registers. The sacred diptychs contained on one side names of the living, on the other of the dead, which were rehearsed during sacrifices. When Christianity became trium- phant, diptychs were used to contain sculptures of re- ligious subjects and scenes. Even the poorest travel- ler or pilgrim used them to hold the images of sacred persons, before which he bowed in prayer several times a day. In Christian art, a diptych is an altar- painting in two pieces, which may be folded together, and which contain paintings on both the interior and exterior surfaces. — Siegel, ChrisU.-kirchUche AlterthU- mer, iii, 259; Bingham, Orig. Eccles. x, 2, 6, and xv, 8, 17 ; Jamieson, History of our Lord in Art, i, 21.
Director of thb Conscibncb (or spiritual direc^ tor), a title often given in the Roman Church to the priest acting as confessor, with power of absolution.
Directory, I. a set of rules for worship and ordi- nation, drawn up to take the place of the Liturgy, or Book of Conunon Prayer, by the Westminster Assem- bly of Divines. The Directory was fttuned in 1648, ratified by Parliament Jan. 8, 1644, and adopted by the Scottish General Assembly in 1646. In the Act of 1844, it is entitied a Directory for the PvbUc Worship of God throughout the three Kingdoms of England, Scot- land, and Ireland, The same ordinance repealed the acts of Edward YI and Elizabeth, by which the Litur- gy was established, and forbade the use of it within any church, chapel, or place of public worship in Eng- land or Wales, appointing the use of the Directory in its stead. This ordinance, indeed, never received the royal assent, and it was a long time before it succeed- ed in abolishing the established worship. In some parts the Directory could not be procured, in others it was rejected ; some ministers would not read any form, others read one of their own. The Parliament, there- fore, in the ensuing summer, called in all the Books of Common Prayer, and imposed a fine upon such minis- ters as should read any other form than that imposed by the Directory. The penalty for reading the Litur- gy was £5 for the first oflfSsnce, £10 for the second, and a year's imprisonment for the third ; for non-observ- ance of the Directory, 40f. Any one who should
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DISCALCEATI
preach, write, or print anything in derogation of the Directory was to forfeit not leas than £5, nor more than £50, to the poor. All Common Pr<syer-booh» remain- ing in parish churches or chapels were ordered to be carried to the committee of the several counties within a month, there to be disposed of as the Parliament should direct (Rushworth, Hid, CoU, p. iv, i, 295, dted in Eodie, Eecla, Cydopmdia s. v.).