Enfield, William, LL.D., an English Dissenter
ENGADDI
194
EN-GEDI
and vGluminous -writer, was born at Siulbnrj' March 29, 17-il, and was educated at Daventry under Dr. Ashworth. On leaving the seminary he became pas- tor to a congregation at Liverpool. He afterwards be- came resident tutor and lecturer on belles-lettres at "Warrington Academy. In 1785 he became minister of the Unitarian Church at Norwich, where he died Nov. 3, 1797. Among his numerous publications were (1) .1 History of Philosophj, drawn up from Brucker (Lond. 1819, 2 vols. 8vo) :— (2) The Preachers' Direc- tory (London, 1771, 4to) :— (3) Sermons for Families (Lond. 1778, 2 vols. l2mo) :— (4) The Enfjlhh Preacher (Lond. 9 vols. 12mo). He was a frequent contributor to periodicals, and shared with Dr. Aikin in the prep- aration of the General Bioyraphical Dictionary.
Engad'di Qv o/yiaXoTf v. r. 'EvydSci and tv rdiu. or cv r«t;ote,Vulg. in Cades), Ecclus. xxiv, 14. See ExGEUi.
Eii-gan'nim (Heb. Eyn Gannim', D'^35 ''^'^^, foun- tain of fjardens), the name of several places in Pales- tine, for, besides those mentioned below, there was said, according to Euscbius and Jerome (Onomast. s. v. 'Hyain'i, Engannim), then to be a third village called Engannim (Hyavvd, Eyanna) near Gerasa, beyond the Jordan.
1. (Sept. 'Hvyoj'f(7< v. r. unrecognisalile ; Vulg. /Engannim.') A town in the plains of Judah, men- tioned between Zanoah and Tappuah (Josh, xv, 34). Eusebius and Jerome state (^Onomast. s. v. 'Hyayip, Engannim) that it was still extant in their day near Betliel ; liut there must have been some mistake in this, as the place in question lay in the group N.W. of Jerusalem (Keil, Comment, on Josh, in loc), pos- sibly at the site of the present agricultural village Rana, north of Eleutheropolis (Eobinson, Researches, ii, 354). Schwarz, however, thinks (Palest, p. 102) that •' En-gannim is certainly identical with the vil- lage Jenin, 3 Eng. miles S.E. of Ashkelon;" but this is not in the quarter indicated by the associated names, and is, moreover, with greater probability appropria- ted to another ancient localitv. Sec Zen.vn.
2. A city on the border of Issachar (Josh, xix, 21 ; Sept. 'Itdjv Kai To///(rt'j', Alex. P/v r«)')'(/t ; Vulg. En- Cunnim) ; allotted with its " suburbs" to the Gershon- itc Levites (xxi, 29 ; Sept. n//y») yoaji)uirwi> ; Vulg. En-Gannim) ; probably tlie same (see Eeland, Pala'st. p. 812) as the Gime-a (Tircda) or Geman (r?;/(«V) of Josephus, on the borders of the great plain toward Sa- maria {Ant. XX, 0, 1; War, iii, 3. 4; comp. ii, 12, 3), which Biddulph (in Piirchas, ii, 135) identifies with the present Jenin, a town 15 miles south of Mount Tabor, and which he and others describe as still a place of gardens and abundant water (Wilson, Lands of Bible, ii, 84; Van de Velde, Narrative, ii, 359; Schwarz, Pcdest. p. 167). In the lists of Levitical cities in 1 Chron. vi, Anem is substituted for Engannim, appar- ently l)y contraction. The position of Jenin is in striking agreement with the requirements of Beth- hah-Gan (A.V. "the garden-house;" Sept. BatOydi') in the direction of which Ahaziah fled from Jehu (2 Kings ix, 27). The rough road of the ascent was probably too much for his chariot, and, keeping the more level ground, he made for Megiddo, where he died (Stanley, Palest, p. 342). The place is several times noticed by Arabian writers in connection with the march of Saladin, and has been visited by man}' modern.travellers (Itobinson, Re.iea7-ches, iii, 15G''. The onl}' remains of Giniua are a few foundations of walls close to the mosciue of tlie present town (De Saulcy, Narrative, i, 78, 79). The town is higli enough to overlook the broad plain, and low enough to have its houses encircled liy its verdure. The hills rise steep- ly behind, dotted with bushes, and here and there clothed with the S()ml)re foliage of the olive. Bicli gardens, hedged with prickly pear, exteild along their base, and a few palm-trees give variety to the scene.
The "fountain," from which the town took the first part of its Scripture name {En), is in the hills a few hundred yards distant; and its abundant waters flow over and fertilize the " gardens" {Gannim) from which the second and chief part of the name is derived. The leading road from Jezreel and the north to Samaria and Jerusalem passes Jenin. / It contains about 2000 inhabitants, and is the capital of a large district (Por- ter, Handbook, p. 351 ; Thomson, Land and Hook, ii, 189).