The Wilderness of En-gedi is doubtless the im- mediately neighboring part of tiie wild region west of the Dead Sea, which must be traversed to reach its shores. It was here that David and his men lived among the "rocks of the wild goats," and where the former cut off the skirts of Saul's robe in a cave (1 Sam. xxi, 1-4). "On all sides," saj^s Dr. Robinson, "the country is full of caverns, which might then serve as lurking-places for David and his men, as they do for outlaws at the present daj\" He adds that, as he came in sight of the ravine of the Ghor, a moun- tain-goat started up and bounded along the face of the rocks on the opposite side {Researches, ii, 203). M. de Saulc}' imagines that he has identified the particu- lar cave in question with one in that vicinity now called Bir el-Makukieh (^Narrative, i, 1G2). — Kitto, s. v. ; Smith, s. v.
Engelbert, abbot of Admont, of the Benedictine order in Styria, was born of noble parents about 1250. He became abbot of Admont about 1297, and died 1331, leaving a great numljer of works, of which the principal are : De ortu, proc/ressxi et fine imperii Ro- mani, published by Gaspard Brusch (Basle, 1553, 8vo ; Mentz, 1G03, 8vo) : — Tractatus super passionem secun- dum AfalthcEUm ; de statu defunctorum ; de Providentia ; de causa longaevitatis hominum ante diluvium:— Specu- lum virtutum. Several of his works were published bj' the learned Benedictine monk Pcz, parth' in the The- saurus Anecdoiorum Novissimus (Augsb. 1721), parth' in the Bihliotheca ascetica antiquo-nova (Katisbon, 1723 -25). A biography of Engelbert, and a complete list of all his works, are given by Fez, both in an intro- ductory essay in the 1st volume of the Thesaurus and in the preface to the 3d volume of the Bihliotheca.— Hoefer, Nouv. Blog. Giner. xvi, 48 ; Wetzer u. Welte, Kirchen-Lex. iii, 589. (A. J. S.)
Engelbert, Saint, archbishop of Cologne, was a son of count Engelbert I of Berg-Geldcrn, and was born in 1185. "When he was twenty-two years old the diocese of Miinster was offered to liim, but he declined it on the ground of 3'outh and inexperience. In 1215 he was elected archbishop of Cologne. With great energy he reorganized the electorate, which, under the administration of his predecessors, had become quite disordered. He extinguished its debt, recovered those portions of its territory which had been lost, and ac- quired new ones. When the emperor Friedrich II
was called to Italy, Engelbert was appointed head of the regency to which was intrusted the administration of the empire. As archbishop, Engelbert made' the utmost endeavors to reform the corrupt habits of the clergy, and to repel the interference of the nobility in ecclesiastical affairs. The rigor with which he car- ried through his principles made him many enemies, and on Nov. 7, 1225, he was surprised and assassinated at Gevelsberg by his nephew, count Eriedrich von Isenburg. The murderer was captured and broken on the wheel ; the bishops of Miinster and Osnabruck, who were charged with complicity, were excommuni- cated ; and Engelbert, on account of his zeal for en- larging the power of the Church, was enrolled in the number of saints. A life of Engelbert, by Caesar of Heisterbach (q. v.), was, in 1G30, edited by Gclenius, with man)' learned remarks and additions ( Vlndex libertatis ecclesim et martyr St. Engelbertus, Coloniaj, 1630) ; see also Ficker, Engelbert der Ile'dlge, Cologne, 1853 ; Wetzer u. Welte, Kirclien-Lex. iii, 590. See also Cologne. (A. J. S.)
Engelbrecht, Johann, a visionary religionist, was born in Brunswick 1599. He was sickly from his j'outh, and suffered dreadfully from melancholy, caused by physical pain as well as b}' mental disturb- ance. He believed himself (aftsr 1023) the subject of revelations and visions, and went from house to house preaching and narrating his supernaturally ac- quired knowledge of lieaven and hell. Some preach- ers, like Paul Egard, in Holstein, gave veiy favorable testimonials of his character and his preaching ; but the larger number took offence at his pretended rev- elations, and persecuted him. In Hamburg, where he spent several years, he was imprisoned. During the last years of his life he lived in great retirement in his native city. He died in 1644. Though unlettered, he wrote several books, especially a Vi'Vi of Heaven (Brunswick, 1G25) ; and they were collected in 1640, and again in 1697, into editions of his Werl e ui,d OjJ'en- barungen (Brunsw. and Amsterd.). Some of his writ- ings have been translated into French and English. — Herzog, Reul-Encyklop. iv, 32.
Engelhardt, Johann Georg Veit, a German theologian, was born at Neustadt on the Aich, Nov. 12, 1791. After studying for three years at the Uni- versity of Erlangen, and being for several years a tu- tor in two noble families, he was, in 1817, appointed deacon at a church in Erlangen and professor at the gymnasium. In 1820 he became lecturer at the Uni- versity of Erlangen, and obtained the degree of doctor of divinity ; the next year he was advanced to an ex- traordinarj', and in 1822 to an ordinary professorship at the universitj'. The latter position he retained un- til his death, Sept. 13, 1855. For several years he held the office of university preacher, and five times he was elected rector of the university. From 1845 to 1848 he was deputy of the university in the Bava- rian diet. The king of Bavaria conferred upon him the title of ecclesiastical councillor and the order of St. Michael, and the city of Erlangen the right of hon- orarj' citizenship. In the history of theological liter- ature, Engelhardt has secured a lasting place by his manuals of Church history and histor}' of doctrines (ffandbuch der Kirchengeschichte, 4 vols., Erlangen, 1833-34; Dogmengeschlchte, 2 vols., N<;ustadt, 1839). He gave special attention to the studj' of the history of mystic theology. His intention to write a compre- hensive history of this theology he did not find time to carrj' out, but he wrote a number of separate arti- cles on the subject. Among the most important of this class of his works are those on Dionysius Areop- agita (Dissertatio de Dionysio plotlnizante, Erlangen, 1820; Be orlgine scriptnrum Arenpagiticoruni, TLvlnng. 1823 ; Die angebl. Schriften des A reopaglten Dionysius, ubersetzt u. mlt Ahhandlungen begleitet, Erlang. 1823, 2 vols.) ; on Plotinus (^Plotin's Enneaden, ubersetzt u. mit