On all the Catholic epistles alone (James, 1 and 2 Pet., 1, 2, and 3 John, and .Inde), the foLowing: The- ophylaet, Commentarius (in Opp. iii) ; also Enarrationes
EPISTLES OF BARNABAS 273
EPISTLES, SPURIOUS
(in Bihl. Pair. Gall, vi, 286) ; OEcumenius, Expositlo (Frcft. 1610, 4to ; also in 0pp. ii) ; Bede, Expositlo (in 0pp. V, 673 ; ]Vorks, xii, 157 ; comp. Worls, i, 215) ; Cramer, Commentnrii [from the fathers] (in his Catena, viii) ; Aquinas, Erpodtio (Paris, 1543, 1563 ; Lugdun. 1556, Antwerp, 1592, 8vo ; etc.) ; Hus, Commentwii (in Monumenta, ii, 105) ; Faber, Commentaiius (Basil, 1527, fol. ; Antvv. 1540, 8vo) ; Imler, Commentarius (Frcft. 1542, 2 vols. 8vo) ; Home, Expositio (Brunswick, 1554, 4to) ; Hemming, Commentarius (in separate volumes, Havn. 1563, and Vitemb. 1569, 8vo ; together, in Eng- lish, Lond. 1577, 4to) ; Ferns, Exegesis (Complut. 1570, fol.) ; Aretius, Commentarius (Morg. 1589, Berne, 1608, 8vo) ; Grynrous, Explicatio (Basil, 1593, 8vo) ; Salme- ron, Diisputaiiones (in 0pp. xvi); Crell, Commentarius [on manj^ passages of these epistles] (in (9/)/?. iii, 318) ; Cocceius, Commentarius (in 0pp. vi); Various, Anno- tations (in the Critici Sacri, viii) ; Serarius, Commenta- 7-ius (IMoguntiac. 1612, fol.) ; Lorinus, Commentarius (Liigd. 1619, 2 vols, fol.) ; Justinianus, Explanationes (Lugd. 1621, fol.) ; Turnemann, Meditationes (Frcft. 1625, 4to) ; Alsted, Notationes (Herb. 1631, 1640, 8vo) ; Lenajus, Commentarii (Holm. 1645, 4to) ; Benson, Pa?'- apkrase (London, 170(i, 4to) ; Grarmlich, Anmerlcungcn (Stuttg. 1721, 8vo) ; Riclot, Paraphrase (Metz, 1727, r2mo); Collet, P«r(y;//)-n6'e (Lond. 1734, 8vo); Boysen, Erkldr. [on Pet. and Jude] (Halle, 1775, 8vo) ; Zach- aria, Erhltir. (Gott. 1776, 8vo) ; Schirmer, Erkliir. [on Pet., Jas., and Jude] (Breslau, 1778, 8vo) ; Schroder, Erhldr. [on Peter and Jude] (Schwabach, 1781, 8vo) ; Schlengel, Anmerk. (Halle, 1783, 8vo) ; Seemiller, An- 7iota'iones [on Jas. and Jude] (Norimburg, 1783, 8vo); Sender, Paraphrasis [on Pet. and Jude] (Halle, 1784, Svo) ; Pott, Annotationes (in parts, Gott. 1786-90, 8vo ; also in the N. T. Koppian. ix) ; E. Bengel, ErkUirung (Tub. 1788, Svo) ; Carpzov, Scholia (Hal. 1790, 8vo) ; Gopfert, Anmerk. (Zwickau and Lpz. 1791, 8vo) ; Mo- ras, Prwlectiones (on Pet. and Jas.] (Lips. 1794, 8vo) ; Roos, Auslegung [on Pet. and Jude] (TUb. 1798, Svo) ; Augusti, Erkldr. (Lemgo, 1801-8, 3 vols. Svo) ; Hot- tinger, Commentarius [on 1 Pet. and James] (Lips. 1815, 8vo); Grashof, Erkldr. (Essen. 1830, Svo); Sumner, Exposition (Lond. 1840, Svo) ; Diedrich, Erkliir. (Lpz. 1861, Svo). See each epistle in its place.
EPISTLES OF B.\RNABAS. See Barnabas.
EPISTLES OF CLEMENT. See Clement.
EPISTLES OF THE APOSTOLICAL FATHERS. See Barnabas ; Clement of Rome ; Ignatius ;
POLYCAHP.
EPISTLES, SruRious. Of these many are lost; but there are several extant, of which the following are the principal (see Jones, ^ new Method of settling the Cannn, vol. ii). See Canon.
1. The Epistle of Paul to the Laodiceans. — There was an " Epistle to the Laodiceans" extant in the begin- ning of the second century, which was received by Marcion, but whether this is the same with the one now extant in the Latin language is more than doubt- ful. "There are some," says Jerome, "who read the Epistle to the Laodiceans, but it is universalh^ reject- ed." The original epistle was most probably a forgery founded on Coloss. iv, 16. "And when this epistle is read among you, cause that it be read also in the Church of the Laodiceans, and that ye likewise read the Epistle from Laodicea." The apparent ambiguitj' of these last words has induced soms to understand Paul as speaking of an epistle written by him to the Laodiceans, which he advises the Colossians to procure from Laodicea and read to their Church. "Some," says Tlieodoret, "imagine Paul to have written an epistle to the Laodiceans, and accordinglj' produce a certain forged epistle; but the apostle does not say the epistle to, but the epistle y/-o?« the Laodiceans." Bel- larmine among tlie Roman Catholics, and among the Protestants Le Clerc and others, suppose that the pas- sage in Colossians refers to an epistle of Paul, now III.— S
lost, and the Vulgate translation — earn qntv Lnodicensi' um est — seems to favor this view. Grotius, however, conceives that the Epistle to the Ephesians is here meant, and he is followed by Hammond, A\'hitby, and Mill, and also by archbishop Wake {Epistles of the Ajjostolic Fathers). Theophylact, who is followed by Dr. Lightfoot, conceives that the ci>istle alluded to is 1 Timothy. Others hold it to be 1 John, Philemon, etc. Mr. Jones conjectures that the epistle now passing as that to the Laodiceans (which seems entirely compiled out of the Epistle to the Philippians) was the composi- tion of some idle monk not long before the Reforma- tion ; but this opinion is scarcely compatible with the fact mentioned by IMr. Jones himself, that when Sixtus of Sienna published his Bihliotheca Sancta (A.D. 1560), there was a vei-y old manuscript of this epistle in the library of the Sorbonne. This epistle Avas first pub- lished by James le Fevre, of Estaples, in 1517. It may be found in Gr. and Lat. in Fabricius, Codex Apocr. ii, 871 ; and translated in Hone's Apocryphal N. T. p. 94. See Laodiceans (Epistle to),
2. The Third Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians. — It was the opinion of Calvin, Louis Capell, and many others, that the apostle Paul wrote several epistles be- sides those now extant. One of the chief grounds of this opinion is the passage 1 Cor. v, 9. There is still extant, in the Armenian language, an epistle from the Corinthians to St. Paul, together with the apostle's re- ply. This is considered by IMr. La Croze to be a for- gery of the tenth or eleventh century, and he asserts that it was never cited by anj- one of the early Chris- tian writers. In this, however, he is mistaken, for this epistle is expressly quoted as Paul's by St. Grego- r}' the Illuminator in the third century, Theodore Chre- thenor in the seventh, and St. Nierses in the twelfth. Neither of them, however, is quoted by any ancient Greek or Latin writer (Henderson, On Inspiration, p. 497. The passages are cited at length in father Pas- chal Aucher's Armenian and English Grammar ,Y enxa, 1819. Lord Bvron's translation of them is given by Stanlej' in his Commentai-y on Corinthians, ii, 303). See Corinthians (First Epistlw to).