Eulogy. See Funeral.
Eu'natan {"Ewarav v. r. 'EXvaSav, Vulg. Enna- gani), given (1 Esd. viii, 44, where it is perhaps but an original misprint for Ennutan) as the name of one of the principal men directed by Ezra to procure priests for the returning partj' of exiles ; apparently a corrup- tion for the second Elnathan (q. v.) of the Heb. text (Ezra viii, 10).
Euui'ce {EvviK)],good victory, originall}- the name of one of the Nereids), the mother of Timothy, and the wife of a Greek ; spoken of (2 Tim. i, 5) as possessing unfeigned faith, and described in Acts xvi, 1 as a be- lieving Jewess (yvv)) 'lovSaia TTtOT);). A.D. ante 47. See Timothy.
Eu'nienes (Eliphnjc, tcell-dlsposed) II, king of Pergamus, and son of Attains I. His accession to the throne is fixed by the death of his predecessor to B.C. 197 (Clinton, F.II. iii, 403). He inherited from his father the friendship and alliance of the Romans, and when peace was made in B.C. 190 with Philip V, king of Macedonia, he was presented with the towns of Oi'eus and Eretria in Eubcea (Livy, xxxiii, 34). In B.C. 191 Eumenes and the Romans engaged the fleet of Antiochus (Livy, xxxvi, 43-45), and, seeing more than ever the policy of adhering to the Romans, he, in the following j'ear, rendered them valuable assistance at the battle of Magnesia, commanding his own troops in person (Livj', xxxvii, 39-44; Justin, xxxi, 8; Ap- pian, Syr. 34). As soon as peace was concluded, B.C. 188, Eumenes set out for Rome to ask some rewards for his services. The senate were pleased with the modesty of his behavior, and conferred upon him the Thracian Chersonese, Lj'simachia, both Phrygias, Mys- ia, Lj'caonia, Lydia, and loni^i, with some exceptions. One province only would have much enlarged his do- minions, but by this large addition to his territorj' he found himself one of the most powerful of monarchs (Livy, xxxvii, 50; xxxviii, 39; Polyb. xxii, 27; Ap- pian, Syr. 44). About the same time he married the daughter of Ariarathcs IV, king of Cappadocia (Livy, xxxviii, 39). Eumenes continued in good favor with the Romans for several years, and repeatedly sent em- bassies to them. In B.C. 172 he again visited Rome, and in returning nearly lost his life through the treacli- er}' of Perseus, king of Macedonia (Livy, xlii, 11-16). In B.C. 169 Eumenes is said to have had secret corre- spondence with Pei'seus, by which act he lost the favor of the Romans (Polyb. Frag. Vat. xxix, Didot ed. p. 39, 40), and two j'ears after he was forbidden to enter Rome (Livj-, Epit. xlvi). The latter part of his reign was disturbed by frequent wars with Prusias, king of Bithynia. The Romans favorablv received his brother Attalus, apparently for the purpose of exciting him
EUNOMIANS
349
EUNOMIFS
against Eumenes, who had sent him to Rome. Atta- lus however, was induced, through the entreaties of a physician named Stratius, to abandon any such ideas. Eumenes thus managed to keep on friendly terms with his brother and the Komans till his death (Livy, xlv, la, 20; Polyb. xxx, 1-3; xxxi, 9; xxxii, 5). The exact date ot' his death is not mentioned by any writer, but it must have taken place in B.C. 159 (Clinton, /'. //. iii, 40G). Eumenes II much improved the city of Pergamus by erecting magnificent temples and other public buildings. His greatest act was the foundation of a splendid library, which rose to be a rival in extent and value even to that of Alexandria (Strabo, xiii, 4, Didot ed. p. 533; Pliny, xxii, 11 (see Smith, Diet, of Class. Biog. s. v.).— Kitto, s. v. See Pergajios.
The large accession of territory which was granted to Eumenes from the former dominions of Antiochus is mentioned 1 Mace, viii, 8, but the present reading of the Greek and Latin texts offers insuperable diffi- culties. "The Romans gave him," it is said, "the conniry of India and Jlfedia, and Lydia, and parts of his (Antiochus's) fairest countries (uTro twi' kciW. xw- piov auToii)." This is particularly out of the ques- tion, for neither India nor Media ever belonged to An- tiochus or the Romans. Various conjectures have been proposed to remove these obvious errors ; but, thougli it may reasonably be allowed that ifysia may have stood originally for Media (iD"3 for i^'S, Micha- elis), it is not equally easy to explain the origin of ^oj- (lav Ti)v 'Ii'^iKi)v. Grotius, without any MS. author- ity, conjectured Ionia to be meant, which agrees with the account of Livy (xxxvii, 55). It is possible that 'iv^iKi'jv may have been substituted for 'lioviK/jv after Mrji^iav was already established in the text. Other explanations are given l)y Grimm, Excrj. Ilandh. ad loc. ; Wernsdorf, De fide Libr. Mace. p. 50 so., but they have less plausibility. Josephus states the matter but summarily {Ant. xi, 10, 6). — Smith, s. v.
Eunomians, a sect of Arians, so called after their founder, Euxomius. See Euxojiius.
Eunomius, a bishop and founder of a sect of Ari- ans. Ho was born in the villaga of Dacora, in Cappa- docia, and is described by his admirer, Philostorgius, as ugly in appearance, and somewhat stammering. He was educated by his father until, under the advice of the Arian bishop Secundus, of Antioch, he went to Alexandria, where ho became the disciple, associ- ate, and notary of Aiitius (q. v.), the head of the Ano- moeans. On a journey which he undertook to visit the emperor, he was seized by the Semiarians and sent to Phrygia ; but in oGO, his friend Eudoxius, formerly bishop of Antioch, but who had recently been called to Constantinople, procured for him the see of Cyzicum. There he proclaimed his views, first cautiouslj'' and moderately, but soon openlj' and unreservedh'. The people of Cyzicum loudly complained of him, and, though he defended liimself at Constantinople with great eloquence, he was abandoned by Eudoxius, who prevailed upon him to resign, since he was unwilling to suljscribe the formula of Ariminum, or approve the djposition of Aiitius. After this time Eunomius acted as the acknowledged head of the party. Under Juli- an, who recalled all the exiled bishops, Eunomius was with Aiitius m Constantinople, disseminating their views, collecting adherents, and consecrating bishops, who settled in many regions of Asia IMinor, Syria, and Egypt. Being suspected of intimate relations with Procopius, a rebel against the authority of emperor Valens, he was twice exiled, but each time soon re- called. In 383 the emperor Theodosius demanded from all the prominent men of the several religious parties an explanation of their theological views, re- jected the profession of faith made bj' Eunomius, had him arrested at Chalcedon and exiled to Halmyris, in Moesia, and from there to Caesarea, in Cappadocia. From there, when his longer stay was not tolerated,