Exactor, the rendering (Isa. Ix, 17) of CSb, noges", a driver (task-master, Exod. iii, 7 ; Job iii, 18 ; Isa. ix, 3; or simply driver of animals, Job xxxix, 7) ; hence exactor of a debt (or tribute, Dan. xi, 20 ; Zech. ix, 8); hence (in accordance with Oriental ideas and customs) a ruler, king, tyrant (Isa. iii, 12; xiv, 2; Zech. x, 4), as the parallel term " prince" in the above passage of Isaiah shows to be there the meaning.
Exaltation of Christ {status exaltationis), a the- ological phrase, including in its scope the resurrection of Christ, his ascension into heaven, his sitting at the right hand of God the Father, and his coming to judge the world at the last day. See articles on these heads ; also Christology (vol. ii, p. 281) ; and Hagenbach, History of Doctrines, Smith's ed., ii, 352.
Exaltation of the Cross. Sec Cross, Exal- TATiox OF THE, vol. ii, p. 581.
Example (ctlyjxa, Jude 7), especially Christ's (^uTvoyijajijia, 1 Pet. ii, 21) for the imitation of his fol- lowers (('TToJfcy/ta, John xiii, 15; elsewhere in other relations, Ilqb. iv, 11 ; viii, 5 ; ix, 23 ; Jas. v, 10 ; 2 Pet. ii, C), and subordinately pastors for their flock (tv-oij, Phil, iii, 17; 2 Thcss. iii, 9; 1 Tim. iv, 12 ; 1 Pet. V, 3, etc.). Sec Flatt, Bus Beispicl Jesu (in the Mayaz.fiir clir. Dogmat. i, 179 sq.) ; Kcil, De Exem- plo Christi (Lips. 1792 ; Opusc. i, 1(10-135) ; Oeder, Be Christi imitatione. (in his Oljss. sacr. i, 33-5G) ; Schmid, Be penrrso Christi imitatione (Lips. 1710) ; Stober, De exemplorum imitatione (Argent. 1771-6); Wolf, Be ex- empUs cniite adhibendis (Lips. 1785-G) ; Kempis, Imita- tion nf Christ (often published).
Example, "a copy or pattern, in a moral sense, is either taken for a type, instance, or precedent for our admonition, that we may be cautioned against the faults or crimes which others have committed, by the bad consequences which have ensued from them ; or exaTuplc is taken for a pattern for our imitation, or a model for us to copy after. - That good examples have a peculiar power alwve naked precepts to dispose us to the practice of virtue and holiness may appear by con-
sidering, ' 1. That they most clearlj^ express to ns the nature of our duties in their subjects and sensilJe ef- fects. General precepts form abstract ideas of virtue, but in examples, virtues are most visible in all their circumstances. 2. Precepts instruct us in what tilings are our duty, but examples assure us that they are possible. 3. Examples, by secret and lively incentive, urge us to imitation. We are touched in another man- ner by the visible practice of good men, wlirch re- proaches our defects, and obliges us to the same zeal, which laws, though wise and good, will not effect.' The life of Jesus Christ forms the most beautiful ex- ample the Christian can imitate. Unlike all others, it was absolutely perfect and uniform, and every way ac- commodated to our present state. In him we behold all light without a shade, all beautj' without a spot, all the purity of the law and the excellency of the Gos- pel. Here we see piety without superstition, and mo- rality without ostentation ; humility without mean- ness, and fortitude witliout temerity ; patience with- out apathy, and compassion without weakness; zeal without rashness, and beneficence without prodigality. The obligation we arc under to imitate this example arises from duty, relationship, engagement, interest, and gratitude. See art. Jesus Christ. Those who set bad examples should consider, 1 . That they are the ministers of the devil's designs to destroy souls. 2. That they are acting in direct opposition to Christ, who came to save and not to destroy. 3. That the}' are adding to the misery and calamities which are al- ready in the world. 4. That the effects of their ex- ample may be incalculable on society to the end of time, and perhaps in eternity ; for who can tell what may be the consequence of one sin on a familj% a na- tion, or posterity? 5. They are acting contrary to the divine command, and thus exposing themselves to final ruin" (Tillotson, Sermons, ser. clxxxix, cxc ; BaiTow, Works, vol. iii, ser. ii and iii ; Flavel, Works, i, 29, 30 ; Dwight, Theology, ser. liv ; Christ our Example, by Car- oline Fry). — Buck, Theological Bictionary, s. v.
Exarch (J'iar>xoQ), (1.) the title given, under the Bvzantine emperors, to their viceroys in Italy and Africa, after Justinian's reconquest of those provinces.
(2.) The title was adopted in the early Church for the highest orders of the hierarchy. Primates or metro- politans were styled t'£,apxoi rj}(,' ''''"PX'f'fi and the pa- triarchs were called t%a(>xoi T}]q cioiKijacMQ. In the Gth canon of Sardica (A.D. 344) the fonner title (ox- arch of the eparchj') is given to primates ; the third Council of Carthage, A.D. 397, forbade its use (Riddle, Antiquities, bk. iii, eh. iii). The exarch, as primate, was "inferior to tlie patriarch, and superior to the metropolitan. In the third centuiy there were three exarchs, viz. Ephesus, with the diocese of Asia, 12 provinces and 300 sees ; Heraclea, with the diocese of Thrace, and G provinces ; Csesarea, 13 provinces and 104 sees. The privileges of these exarchates were transferred h\ the Council of Chalcedon (A.D. 451) to the patriarch of Constantinople" (Walcot, Sacred A}- chwology, p. 2G8).