(ver. 36).
(NtTMDEES xxxiii.) From Kadesh (ver. 37).
[33.] Return to Kadesh, in
the desert of Zin
(Xumb. XX, 1), by
the way of Mt. Seir
(Deut. ii, 1).
(3.) From Kadesh to the Jordan. (XuMb. XX, xxi ; Deut. i, ii,
X).
From Kadesh (Xumb. xx,
22). [39.] Beeroth Bene-jaakan
(Deut. X, 6). [40.] :Moimt Hor (Numb, xx, Mount Hor (ver. 37)
22), or Mosera (Deut.
X, 6), where Aaron
died. [41.] Gudgodah (Deut. x, 7). [42.] Jotbath (Deut. x, 7). [13 ] Way of the Red Sea
(Numb, xxi, 4), by
J^zion-geber (Deut.
ii, 8).
[44.] Elath (Deut. ii, S).
[45.]
HO.]
[47.] Oboth (Numb, xxi, 10).'
[48.] Ije-abarim ( Xumb. xxi,
11). [49.] The brn()kZered(Xumb.
xxi, 12 ; Deut. ii, 13,
14). [.50.] The brook Arnon(Xum.
xxi, 13 ; Deut. ii, 24). [51.] r.52.]
[63.] Beer (well), in the des- ert (Xumb. xxi, 16,
IS). [54.] Mattanah (xxi, IS). [.55.] Nahaliel (xxi, 19). [.50.] Bamnth (xxi, 19). [57.] Pi.^g.ih, put for the
range of Abarim, of
wliich Pisgah was
part (xxi, 20). [53.] By tlie way of Bnshan
to the plains of Moab
by Jordan, near Jeri- cho (Numb, x.xi, 33;
xxii, i). The points indicated in the above route as far as Kadesh have alread}' been identified -with considerable precision. It remains to consider how far the residue are capable of identification. For this purpose we have a fevr coiucideuces with modern or well-known
Zalmonah (ver. 41).
Piinon (ver. 42).
Oboth (ver. 43).
Ije-abarim, or lim (ver. 44, 45).
Dibon-gad (ver. 45). Almon-diblathaira (ver. 46).
Mountains of Abarim, neat Nebo (ver. 47).
Plains of Moab by Jordan, neft* Jericho (ver. 48).
EXODE
408
EXODE
33 Longitnde East 31 from Greemvich. 35
Map of the Arabian Peninsula, exhibiting the Route of the Israelites. (The dotted parts are uncertain.
the order and direction of the journeys.)
The uunibcrs show
localities, and several repetitions of the same or simi- lar names, indicating a passage through the same spot from diflerent directions. The rest must be supplied by conjecture, assisted by such suggestions as the na- ture of tlie region furnislies. It is a question whether the station Kithmah (Numb. xxxiii,18) was one reach- ed by the Israelites before or after their first arrival at Kadesh ; but as it is mentioned in immediate connec- tion with Ilazerotli, we may infer that it was either anotlicr name for Kadesh itself, or a locality so near it as to permit the omission of Kadesh in the summary where it occurs. After their repulse by the Canaan- ites at the pass called Nulib es-Sufah, tlie Israelites may be supposed to have retreated along the westerly shore of the 'Arabah till they reached the wady el- Kafafiych, or that of Abu Jeradeh, which would afford them au ascent to the mountainous region occupying the northern interior of the desert, somewhere near the .'iummit of which we may place their next encamp- ment, called Kimmon - parez. Libnah, where they next encamped, may not improbably be the same with Laban, given (Deut. i, 1) as one of the extreme points of their region of wandering, and may have been situ- ated on the -western declivity of the mountMns, in the neighborhood of the Avady el-Ain, ruuumg down from
Ain el-Kudeirat. Thence they may have proceeded down wady el-Ain to its junction M'ith the large wady el-Arish, where we may place the next station, Eissah, in tJie vicinitj' of el-Kusaby, opposite Jebel el-Helal. Pursuing this last valley southward, they nest halted at Kehelathah, perhaps at its junction with wady el- Hasana, opposite Jebel Achmar, and thence eastward up wady el-Mayein, around the northern base of the Araif en-Nakah, which we may identify with Mount Shapher, to the summit just bej'ond Ain el-Mayein, where we may locate their next station, Haradah. Makheloth and Tahath mav be located at suitable in- tervals along the northern base of the ridge el-Muk- rah, and Tarai: at the intersection of the route south- easterly thence with the wady el-Jerafeh, which they would be likely to pursue (stopping at Mithcah on the way) to its intersection with the wadj' cl-Jeib, in the 'Arabah, where we may locate Ilashmonah. Thence is an easy stage to the next station, Moseroth, which is doubtless the same with ]Mosera, afterwards visited (Dcut. X, G), and there identified with the vicinity of Mount Hor, where Aaron died. Here we have a fixed point, whatever may be thought of the preceding con- jectural circuit, which doubtless occupied several years. AVe notice that Schwarz, although unable to fix the
EXODE
409
EXODE
stations at this portion of the itinerary of the Israel- ites, believes that they must have been in this hiyh, rocky plateau, now occupied by the tribe Azazumeh {Palestine, p. 215).
From Mount Hor the next station indicated is Bene- jaukan (q. v.), evidentl}' identical with the wells (Be- eroth) of the same name, mentioned subsequently in the reverse order between Kadesh and Mosera (Deut. X, 6), and probably a general term for the well-water- ed region including the fountains el-Hufeiry, el-Buwei- rideh, el-Webeh, and el-Ghanir. At tliis last-named spot, having crossed the 'Arabah in a north-easterl}' direction, the Israelites may have pursued their route up vfaAy el-Ghamr, avoiding their late track in that vi- cinity (for the same names do not reappear), and thus by a south-westerly, and then southerly course, have fallen again into wady el-Jerafeh, and followed it up to where it forks into wad}' el-Ghudhugidh. This last name is probably a relic of that of their next station, Hor-hagidgad, essentially the same with the Gudgo- dah (q. V.) afterwards visited by them (Deut. x, 7) in retracing their steps through this region ; for although the letters of the Arabic and Heb. names are not iden- tical (as given in Robinson's lists. Researches, iii. Ap- pendix, 210, \vhere the orthography was proljably taken onlj' by ear), j-et thej' are equivalent in sound, and in botli cases contain the same peculiar reduplication. Thence making a southerly circuit across the heads of several wadj'S running easterlj^ from the little Jebel et-Tih, their next encami)ment was Jotbathah, coinci- dent with the Jotbath of Deut. x, 7, and there de- scribed as "a land of rivers and streams," which we may naturall}' locate at the intersection of the route thus indicated with the upjier wady Jerafeh, where is a confluence of several branch wadys. Following up the chief of tliese, wady Mukutta et-Tawarik, in a soutli-easterly direction, thej' would fall in (at the sta- tion Elu'onah) with the modern Haj route from Cairo, and follow it through the pass of 'Akabah to Ezion- geber on the Red Sea. Thence they appear to have taken their first path through the 'Arabah to Kadesh again. The following is a table of a few of the most definite of these results: