siastica (mentioned above) ; Fabricius, Bibliotheca La- tina (see Fabricius) ; 14. Walch, Bibliotheca Patris- trica (Jena, 1770 ; new ed. by Danz, Jena, 1834, 8vo) ; 15. (^Introductions to Patristics and Pdtro'.ogy'), Wilhelni (R. Cath.), Pairologia ad usus acadeni. (Froib. 1775) ; Engelhardt, Leitfaden zu Vvrk'sungen iib. die Patristik (Erlangen, 1823) ; Gokhvitzer (R. C), Bibliograp/iie d. Kirchtn-Vdter (Niirnberg, 1833-4, 2 vols. 8vo, rot of much value); Locherer (R. C), Lehi'buch der Patrologie (Mainz, 1837, 8vo) ; Permaneder (R. C), Patrologia generalis, sjKcialis (Landshut, 1841-4:', 2 vols. 8vo) ; Mohler (R. C), Patrologie, ed. liy Reithmayr (Regens- burg, 1840 ; only iirst vol. finished, covering first three centuries) ; Fessler (R. C), Jnstitutiones Patrol., tip to Gregory the Great (1850-51, 2 vols. 8vo) ; Alzog (R. C), Grundriss d. Patrologie (Freib. 1866, 8vo) ; Donald- son, Critical IJistory of Chiistian Literature, etc. (men- tioned above, Lond. 1864, 3 vols. 8vo) ; 16. {On the Use of the Fathers'), Nat. Bonaventura (R. C), Traite de la lecture des Peres (Paris, 1688-97) ; also in Latin, De opt. meth. legend, ecclesias. Patr. (August. Vind. 175G, 8vo) ; Daille (see above'). Right Use of the Fathers (\'\\\\. 1842, 12mo); Goode, Z>H7we Rule of Faith, etc. (l.ond. 1853, 3 vols.; Phila. 2 vols.); Vecli, Appeal from Tradition (N. York, 1844) ; and other works cited under Faith, Rule of (q. v.") ; also Campbell, Prelim. Diss, to Four Gospels (diss, iv) ; IMilton, Prelatical Ejnscopacy {Prose Works, vol. i) ; Conj'beare, Examination of the Ante- Nicene Fathers (Bampton Lect. 18."9) ; Taj'lor, Ancient Christianity (Lond. 2 vols. 8vo) ; Hare. Vindication of Luther; Blunt, Right Use of the Early Fathers, against Daille and others (London, 1857, 8vo) ; Schatl", Church History, i, 45)5 sq. ; iMoses Stuart, in Bibliotheca Sacra, i, 125 sq. ; Jahrbiicher fiir deutsche Theologie, 1867, 2, 356 ; 1867, 4, 760 ; F. Nitzsch, in Jahrbiicher f deutsche Theologie, x, 37 sq. ; Schwann, Dogmengeschichtc der patrist. Zeit. (Miinster, 1867, 8vo) ; Huber. Die Philoso- phic d. Kirchenvdter (Munchen, 1867, 8vo) ; Levestre, Dictionnaire de Patrologie (Paris, 5 vols. 8vo). Brief sketches of the lives of the fathers may be found in Hook, Ecclesiastical Biography (8 vols. 12mo, London, 1845-52) ; Evans, Biography of the Early Churdi (2d edit. London, 1859. 2 vols. 18mo) ; copious biographies of them in Bohringer, KirchcngeschicMe in Biograpihien (Zurich, 9 parts, 1842-58).
Fathom {opyvic'i), a nautical measure of six (Greek) feet in length (strictly 6-81 Engl, feet); prop- erly (as the word imjilies) tlie space which one can cover bj' extending the arms laterally (Acts xxvii, 28). See IMeasuue.
Fatio de Duillers, Nicolas, a learned mathe- matician and an eccentric religious enthusiast, was born at Basle, in Switzerland, Feb. 16, 1664, and died in the county of Worcester, England, in 1753. He was educated in Geneva, visited and spent some time in Paris and the Hague, but finally chose England for his home. He early showed great ability in the ex- act sciences, and at the age of eighteen propounded a new theory of the earth and of the rings of Saturn in a letter to Cassini, to whose theory of zodiacal light he in 1685 gave new developments. He made several useful and curious applications of science to ])ractical life, one of which was a new method of determining the speed of a vessel. In the controversy regarding the discovery of the differential calculus he was an earnest supporter of the claims of Newton. Later in life he adopted extravagant views on religious sub- jects, "fi-as an ardent champion of tlie prophets of the Cevennes, and claimed for himself inspiration and the gift of proi)ho<y and miracles. Neither the ridicule which Shaftesbury, in his letter on enthusiasm, aimed at him, nor his ptUdic exposure with two other persons on tlie pillory in London (Sept. 1707) "for abetting and Aivoring Elias Marion in his wicked and coun- terfeit prophecies," liad the effect to cure him of his i enthusiasm. He even went to Asia in the hope of
FATLING
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Egyptians, -whose monuments abound with illustra« tions of their rearing and culinary application. See Fowl.
Faucher, Denis, a French theologian, was born at Aries, A.D. 1487, and died at the abbey of Lerins in 15G2. In 1508 he entered the Benedictine order at the convent of Polinore, near Mantua, and in 1515 was sent to the monastery of Lerins, of which he in ad- vanced j^ears became prior. His worlvs are fcund in Vincent Barrale's (of Salerno) Chronolngia Sanctorum el Aliorum virorum illustnuni uc Abbatum Sacrte insulce Lerinensis (Lyon, 1G13, 4to). — Hoefer, Nouv.Biog. Gen.
Faucher, Jean, a French Protestant preacher and controversialist, died at Nismes in 1G2S. He was min- ister at Uzes, when he was sent in KJll bj' the Pro- testant churches of Lower Languedoc as deputy to the Assemid}' at Sommieres, and in 1615 to that at Greno- ble. AVhen this latter assembly was in the following year transfeiTed to Nismes, Faucher was chosen pas- tor and professor of theology in that city. He, how- ever, followed the assembly to Itochelle, and did not return to Nismes until 1617, after the conclusion of a peace. He was a man of great energy of character, and agreed in opinion with those Huguenots who hoped by force of arms to secure liberty of conscience, if not the triumph of the Protestant cause in France. He persistently advocated a policj' in consonance with such views in the assembly from 1G15 to 1617, as in- deed also in that convoked by the duke of Eohan in August, 1G22, to agree upon terms of peace with the king, declaring that to open their cities to him would prove the sacrifice of their lilierties. Only two works from his pen are known, viz., Exorcismes divins, ou propositions Chreiiem/es p:our chasser les demons et les