Ferme (or Fairhohne'), Charles, a Scotch divine, was born in Edinburgh, and was educated at the uni- versity there, where he became M.A. in 1587. In 1533 he was made one of the regents of the university. He afterwards became minister at Fraserburgh, and (1600) principal of the college there ; he died at Fraserburgh in 1617. He wrote a Lofical Annljjsis of the Epistle of Paul to the Romans, which was published under the care of Dr. Adamson in 1671, and has been republished by the Wodrow Society (Edinburgh, 1850, 8vo). In the preface to this edition. Dr. W. L. Alexander gives tlie work high praise, even saying, " So sagacious, ex- act, and perspicuous a commentary on the Romans I had not before had the good fortune to peruse."
Ferment. See Leavex ; Wine.
Fermentarians {Fermentarii), a name given to the Greek ('hureh by the Latins, because the former use leavened bread in the Eucharist : the Greeks call- ing the Latins Az^mitis (q. v.). The word fermentum was used, even in the Latin Church, at an earh^ pe- riod, to designate the Eucharist, showing that then fer- mented bread was used. — Bingham, Orig. Eccles. bk. XV, ch. ii, § 5.
Fernand (Pherxandus, Ferdinand, or Fer- band), a Belgian monk and reformer, was born at Bruges in 1450. He either lost his sight in childhood or was born blind, which, however, did not prevent him from studying philosophy, theology, rhetoric, po- etry, and music. He ])ursued these studies in Paris, and was appointed by Ciiarles VIII to the chair of belles-lettres in the University of Paris. It is possi- ble that he may also have occupied the chair of theol- ogy. In 1490 he entered the order of the Benedic- tines, and soon after, by special dispensation from the pope, he was allowed, in spite of his blindness, to tike deacon's orders, and began to preach. He died in 1496. His blindness did not prevent him from writing many
books, among which are Epistolo' Caroli Phemandi^ Brii<jensis (Paris, no date, 4to) : — De Aninii Tranquilli' iate llbri d'lo (Paris, 1512): — Speculum monasticm dis- ciplince Patris Bene.dicti Magni, etc. (Par. 1515, fol.) : — ElegicE de Contemptu Mundi; Odanim in laudem Christi Libri (Paris, 1815). — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Geni' rale, xvii, 455.
Feme, Henry, D.D., bishop of Chester, was born at York in 1602, and was educated at St.Marj'^s Hall, Oxford, and at Trinity College, Cambridge, of which he became a fellow. He was made cha])lain to tha bishop of Durham, and was successivel}' presented to the livings of INIasham, of Medborn, and to the arch- deaconrj' of Leicester. He took his doctor's degree in 1642, and espoused the cause of Charles I, who mada him his chaplain. On the Restoration Charles II gave him the mastership of Trinity College, and ho was twice chosen vicc-chancelloi'. lie was made bish- op of Chester in 16(30, died in ICCl, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. He published four tracts against the rebellion, 1642-43; two sermons, 1644-49; and five treatises in defense of the Church of England against Romanism and Presbyterianism, 1647-60. Ho is said to have aided Walton in the Polyglot Bible.— Hook, Eccles. Biographij, v, 89.
Ferrand, Louis, a French Orientalist. He was born at Toulon October 3, 1645, and was educated in his native city and at Lyons, where he studied Hebrew and other Oriental languages. At twenty he went to Paris, and soon after to Ma3'ence, to undertake a trans- lation of the Hebrew Bible. This project not succeed- ing, he returned to France, studied law, and was re- ceived as advocate in the Parliament of Paris. He, however, occupied himself much less with his new pro- fession than with controversial writings, and works on the history of the East. He died Mar. 11, 1699. His works are. Conspectus seu S//nopsis libri hebraici qui in- scribitur: Annales Regum Franciffi et regum domus Othomanicse (Paris, 1670, 8vo) : — Ri'Jlexions sur la Re- ligion Chritienne, contenant Its projiketies de Jacob et de Daniel sur la venue dii Messie, etc. (Paris, 1679, 2 vols. 12mo) : — Liber Psalinorum, cum argumentis, paraphrasi et annotationibus (Paris, 1683, 4to) : — Traite de I'Eglise, contre les heritiques et pri?ic'pakment contre Ics calvin- istes (Paris, 1685, 12mo) : — Reponse a V Apologie pour la Reformation, pour les rlformateurs et pour les r! formes (Paris, 1685, 12mo) : — Psaumes de David en latin et en fran^ais selon 1 1. Vulgate (Paris, 1686, 12mo) : — Lettre a 3lJ''- Veveque. de Beauvnis sur le Monachlsme de saint Augusiin (Journal des Savants) : — Discours oil I' on fail voir que, saint A ngustin a ite imiine (Paris, 1689, 12mo) : — Summa Biblica scu dissertationes prolegomenictu da Sacra Scriptvra (Paris, 1689, 12mo). — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xvii, 488.
Ferrandus Fulgeutius. See Fulgentius Fer- randus.
Ferrar, Nicholas, a clergyman of the Chnrch of England, eminent for piety, was born in London in 1592, and was carefully trained at home both in relig- ion and letters. At fourteen he entered the Univer- sity of Cambridge, and was eminently distinguished there by his aliilities and learning, so that his tutor used to say of him, " May God keep him in a right mind! for if he should turn schismatic or heretic, he would make work for all the world." In 1612 he went abroad, studied at Leipsic and Padua, and, after visit- ing Rome, returned to England in 1618, and soon after becaine actively engaged in the affairs of a great com- I>any for colonizing Virginia, in America, of which he was chosen deputy governor. In 1624 he was elected to Parliament, where he was highly distinguished for elo(iuence and ability, but soon decided to quit public life and devote himself to a religious life. In the Church of Rome he would have been a monk, and he came as near to it as possible for a Protestant. He purchased in 1612 the manor of Little Gidding, in