of his faithful servant Skyrnir, found out the caus6 of his malady, and, after much trouble, succeeded in obtaining Gerda for his wife, F'reyr is represented (^Icon. Encyklop. Mythology and Religious Rites, pi. 13, fig. 3) witli a halo around his head, and holding in his right h:ind ears of wheat, and in his left an urn whence water flows, with the boar Gullinbursti at his feet, and sometimes {Ibid. pi. 11, fig. 6) as standing at the left of Odin, M'itii a brancli of something in his right and a drinking-horn in his left hand. — Iconographic Encyclo- 2xedia, iv, 279 (N. Y. 1851) ; Thorpe, Northern Mythol- ogy. (J.W.M.)
Friar {Lat. /rater, Fr.frere, brother), a term com- mon to monks of all kinds, founded on the supposition that tliere is a brotherhood between the persons of the same monasteiy. It is especially applied to members of the four mendicant orders, viz. 1. Franciscans, Mi- norites, or Gray Friars ; 2. Augustines ; 3. Dominicans, or Black Friars ; 4. Carmelites, or White Friars. In a more restricted sense, the word means a monk who is not a priest: those in orders are generally denomina- ted ^((^Aer.
Frick, Albert, a German theologian, was born at Ulm Sept. 18, 1714, and died May 30, 1776. He studied at Leipsic, and was ajipointed assessor (judge) to the facult}- of theologj'. In 1743 he became minis- ter at Jungingen, but, returning to Ulm in 1744, filled the post of librarian and professor of morals. In 1751 he went to IMiinster as preacher, and in 1768 was named head librarian. Among his writings are IIls- toria trad'dionmn ex monumentis Ecclesim Christiunce (Ulm, 1740) : — De Natura et Constitutione Theologice Catechetical (Ulm, 1761-64, 4to). — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xviii, 871. (J. W. M.)
Frick, Elias, a German theologian, was born at Ulm Nov. 2, 1673, and died Feb. 7, 1751. He studied at the gymnasium of his native city and at the universi- ties of Leipsic and Jena, and in 1704 was pastor at Boehringen, in 1708 pastor at Bermaringen, in 1712 preacher in Ulm, in 1729 professor of morals in the gym- nasium of Ulm, and also, in 1739, head librarian. We have from him De Studio pads et benevolentiw omnium erg I omnes (1704) : — Diss, i et ii de cura veterum circa h-nreses (Ulm, 1704 and 1736), followed by his treatise De Catechisatinne veteris et receniioris Ecclesim : — Hell- leuchtende Wahrhtit der Lehre vom heiligen Abendmnhl, etc. (Ulm, 1725). — Iloefer, Nouv. Biog. Gen. xviii, 871.
Frick, Johann, a German theologian, brother of the preceding, was born at Ulm Dec. 30, 1G70, and died March 2, 1739. After studying at tlie gymnasi- um of his native city he went to the University of Leipsic, where he applied himself especially to theolo- g}', and at an earlv date took part in editing the Acta Eruditorum. In 1698 he was named archdeacon of Ilmenau, but, owing to bad health, could not perform the duties. After his recovery he was appointed pas- tor at Pfuhl. In 1701 he went to Miinster as preach- er, and in 1712 was called to the chair of theology tliere. His principal works are, Grund der Wahrheit von dem grossen Hauptmiterschiede der evange/ischen und roemlsrh-caiholischen Religion (1707): — Britannia rectius de Lutheranis edoctn, etc. (Ulm, 1709, 4to) : — In- clementia dementis examinata, etc. (Ulm, 1714) : — Die bulla Unigenitus, oder Clementis XI Constitution, etc. (1714): — Dissertatio solemnis de culpa schismntis protes- tantibus immerlto imputatn, etc. (Ulm, 1717, 4to) : — Zozimus in Clemente XI redlvimis (Ulm, 1719, 4to):-— Usnt roil \6yov, sive de Verba (cterno Dei Filio, ad pro- (rmium Evangelii Joannis (Ulm, 1725, 4to) : — De Cura Ecclesice veteris circa Canonem S. Scripturm et ad cotu- servandnm codicum, pnritatem (Ulm, 1728, 4to). — Hoe- fer, Nouv. Biog. Geni.rale, xviii, 869-70 ; Ersch u. Gru- ber, Allgemtine Encyclopddie, s. v. (J. W. M.)
Friday is a day of fasting in the Greek and Xatin churches in memorv of tlie crucifixion of Christ. It
FRIDEGODE
666
FPJEXD
is a fast-day in the Church of England, unless Christ- inas-day liappens to fall on a Friday.
Fridegode was a monk of Dover in tlie 10th cen- tiir\-, who was chosen In' his patron, Odo, archbishop of ('anterlmiy, to write in heroic verse a life of St. M'ilfrid, when, in 956, the relics of that saint were brouglit from Northumbria to Canterbury. Eadnier (^Vita Oswcddi, in Wharton's Anrj'.ia Sacra^ says that Fridegode was Oswald's teacher, and was thought to excel the men of his time in secular and divine learn- ing (A /If/. Sac. ii, 193). His life of AVilfrid is merely a i>oetic version of that by Eddius Stephanus, and so abounds in Greek words that, according to William of Malmcsbury {Be (Jest. Pont. p. 200), it needed a sib3'l to interpret it. Mal)illon has published it in the Acta iSanclorum, etc. ; a part from an imperfect jNIS. at Cor- vei in Sa;c. Hi, jmrs jvima, p. 171-196, and the remain- der from a MS. in England in iSccc. iv, peas prima, p. 722-726. Several other works not now extant have been attributed to Fridegode. — Wright, B'wg. Brit. Lit. (Anglo-Saxon Period, p. 433-4). (J. W. HI.)
Fridolin, St. The history of Fridolin, written in the lOtii centiuy by Valtherus (Walter), a monk of Siickingen, cannot, according to Rettberg, be consid- ered as a really historical source, yet is received by learned lioman Catliolics as an authority. The best edition is contained in Mone's Quellensammlung cl. bii- dUchen Lnndesgeschichte. All our knowledge of him is derived from this biographj'. The exact time of his life even is unknown, but he is generally considered as a contemporarj' of Chlodvvig I (f 511). According to this biography he was a Celt, but left the British islands to escape the reputation he had gained by his preaching. In Poitiers he l)rought back the people and the clergv to the veneration of their St. Hilarv', ■whose relics ho brought to light, and to whom he erected a church. He is also said to have been tlie first apostle of Germany. While seeking an island in the Khine which had lieen shown him in a vision by Hilary, he came to Chur, or, according to others, to Glarus, where he brought a dead man back to life ; in consequence, he is considered as the patron of the can- ton, and is still represented on its coat of arms. He finally found the island he sought between Schaff hau- sen and Basel, and founded there a church to St. Hilarj' and tlie nunnery of Siickingen, where, after the Khine had, at iiis request, moved to another bed (!), he died, on the 6tii of November, on which day he is commem- orated. According to Rettberg, this biographj' is a legend invented for the puri)0S3 of establisliing the right of the convent to the whole island ; and his travels were imagined to give the divers churches erected to St. Hilary in difterent places a renowned founder. — Herzog, Real-EncyUop. iv, 595.