Gadara derives its greatest interest from having been the scene of our Lord's miracle in healing the dicmoiiiacs (Matt, viil, 28-3-i ; ]\Iark v, 1-21; Luke viii, 2G-40). "They ware no clothes, neither abode in any house, but in the tombs." Christ came across the lake from Capernaum, and landed at the south- east ru corner, where the steep, loftj- bank of the east- ern plateau lireaks down into the plain of the Jordan. The da'uioniacs met him a short distance from the
shore ; on the side of the adjoining declivitj^ the "great herd of swine" were feeding; when the dreinons M'ent among tliem the whole herd rushed down that "steep place" into the lake and perished ; the keepers ran up to the city and told the news, and the excited popula- tion came down in haste, and " besought Jesus that he would depart out of their coasts." The whole circum- stances of the narrative are thus strikingly illustrated by the features of the country. Another thing is wor- thy of notice. The most interesting remains of Gadara are its fom'is, whicli dot the cliffs for a considerable dis- tance round the city, chiefly on the north-east decliv- ity, l)ut many beautifully-sculptured sarcophagi are scattered over the surrounding heights. They are ex- cavated in the limestone rock, and consist of chambers of various dimensions, some more than 20 feet square, with recesses in the sides for bodies. The doors are slabs of stone, a few being ornamented with panels ; some of them still remain in tiieir places (Porter, Da- muscus, ii, 54). The present inhabitants of Uin-Keis are all troglodytes, "dwelling in tombs," like the poor maniacs of old, and occasionally they are almost as dangerous to the unprotected traveller. — In the above account, in the Gospel of Matt, (viii, 28), we have the word Gcrr/esenes (^rtpytmivutv, instead of raSapipnoi/), which seems to be the same as the Hebi'ew ''"il'w'^3 (Sept. ripyerraloQ) in Gen. xv, 21, and Deut. vii, 1 — the name of an old Canaanitish tribe [see Girgash- iTEs], which Jerome (/« C'omm. ad Gen. xv) locates on the shore of the Sea of Tilierias. Origen also says (0pp. iv, 140) that a city called Gergesa anciently stood on the eastern side of the lake. Even were this true, still the other Gospels would he strictly accurate. Gadara was a large city, and its district would include Gergesa. But it must be remembered that the most ancient MSS. give the word Vtpaat^vuv, while others have VaSapi]Vbjv — the former reading is adopted by Griesbach and Lachmann, while Schoiz prefers the latter ; and either one or other of these seems prefera- ble to ripyiui]vCoi'. — Smith, s. v.; Kitto, s. v. See Geras.v.
Gadarene (Vacap^voc), an inhabitant of Gada- ra (q. v.), occurring only in the account of the dse- moniacs cured by Christ (Mark v, 1 ; Luke viii, 2G, 37), and perhaps to be read in the third Evangelist (Matt, viii, 28) instead of Gergesene (q. v.).
Gaddah. See Hazar-Gaddah.
Gad'di(Heb. Gaddi', '^•n^, fortunate ; Sept. VuSSi), son of Susi, of the tribe of Manasseh, sent by Moses as the representative of that tribe among the twelve "spies," on their exploring tour through Canaan (Numb, xiii, 11), B.C. 1G57.
Gad'diel (Heb. GaddleV, h^'^'^^. fortune [i. e. sent'] of God; Sept. rat'iiu'/X v. r. roi'Ci/;A), son of Sodi, of the tribe of Zebulon. He represented that tribe among the twelve "spies" sent by Moses to explore Canaan (Numb, xiii, 10), B.C. 1657.
Gader. See Betii-Gader.
Ga'd:. (Heb. Gaf?J', ""15, a Gadite ; Sept. VavL v. r. TaSci and Tn'cei), the father of the usurper Menahem, who slew Shallum, king of Israel (2 Kings xv, 14, 17), B.C. ante 769.
Gad'ite (Heb. Gadi', "i"!?., mostly collect, and with the art. ; Sept. rdv, Vn^^i^i, viog FaS, etc.), the descend- ants of Gad (q. v.), the son of Jacob (Numb, xxxiv, 14; Deut. iii, 12, 16; iv, 43; xxix, 8; Josh, i, 12; xii, 6 ; xiii, 8 ; xxii, 1 ; 2 Sam. xxiii, 36 ; 2 Kings x, 33 ; 1 Chron. v, IS, 26 ; xii, 8, 37 ; xxvi, 32).
Gadsden, CimisToriiER, D.D., Protestant Epis- , copal bishop of South Carolina, was born in Cli:irles- ton Nov. 25, 1785. His early training was partly Epis- copal and partly Congregational. In 1804 he passed A.l>. of Yale College, where he formed a lasting friend- ship with John C. Calhoun. He was ordained deacon
GAETANUS
ros
GAU.LARD
in 1807, and priest in 1810. In 1808 he took cliarge of St. John's, Berkley, and soon after became assistant minister of St. I'liilip's, Charleston, of Mhich he be- came rector in lSl-1, and in connection with which he spent the residue of his life. In ISIO lie founded the Protestant Episcopal Society in South Carolina, ,vhich has proved an important auxiliary to clerical education and missionary eflbrt. In 1814 he became rector of St. riiilip's, Charleston, and the following j^ear was made D.I), by tlic College of S. C. He was elected bishop in 1840, and in the earnest discharge of his duties gave particular attention to the spiritual interests of the col- ored people. lie was distinguished for thorough learn- ing and deep i)iety. He died in Charleston June 24, 1852. He published The Fraijer-book as it is,- three charges to his clerg}', entitled The Times m.oralh/ con- sidered, The Times ecdesiasticallij considered, and The Times theolofjicuUij arnsiderid ; and some Sermons. — Sprague, Annals, v, 510.