2. (Heb. Gebal', ^^5, Sept. TfjidX, Vulg. Gehal; Psa. Ixxxiii, 7), a district, or perhaps sovereignty, south of Judrea, in the land of Edom. Gebal signify- ing a mountain, apparently belongs not to the most ancient times, as it does not occur when the Israelites were actually in this quarter, but is first found in Psa. Ixxxiii, which was probalily written in the time of Je- liosha](hat. Tliat king had, in the beginning of his reign, hiimlJed the Philistines and Ai'abiaiis (2 Chron. xvii, 9, 10), and still more recently had assisted Ahab against the Syrians (ili. ch. xviii). Now, according to the poetic language of the Psalmist, there were symp- toms of a general rising against him : on the south, besides these Gebalites, the other Edomites, the Ish- maelite.s, and the Hagarenes; on the south-east, Moab and Amnion ; along the whole line of the south-west coast (and, with Jehoshaphat's maritime projects, this
GEBALENE
760
GEDALIAH
would naturally disturb him most ; see 2 Chron. xx, 36), the Amalekites, Philistines, and Phoenicians, or inhabitants of Tyre ; with the aid and comfort even of Assur, i. c. the Syrians, or Assyrians, from the more distant north. Tlio country south of the Dead Sea, and on the east of the Ghor, or great Jordan val- ley, bears the same name (Jebdl) at the present day (Burckhardt, p. 401 sq.), and is doubtless tlie same as the Gebal of Scripture, the Gehalitis (or, rather, Gobo- litis) of Josephus (ro/3oXir(C, Ant. ii, 1, 2; iii, 2, 1; VajiuXircu, Ant. ix, 9, 1), and the Gebalcne of the Ro- mans (Euseb. and Steph. Byz. have l\il3a\a, -Xijvli , rif'iaXa, -Xiji'ii). Josephus saj'S, indeed, that the sons of Elipliaz, son of Esau, settled in that part of Idumsea which was called Gebalitis, and that denominated from Amalek Amalekitis: "For Idumrea," he adds, '• was tlie name of a large country, which in its sev- eral parts retained the names of its peculiar inhabit- ants"' {A7it. ii, 2, 1). We maj^ therefore take Gebal as the name of the northernmost portion of IdunuEa, which was nearest to Palestine. In Judith iii, 1, Lat. Vers., and also in the writings of the Crusaders, it is called Syria Sobal (q. v.). The Jerusalem Tarf/um generally reads Mount Gahlah (nbsJT NT1-) instead of Mount Seir ; so also the Saniar. in Deut. xxxii, 2. Seir, however, was the ancient name of Edoni, where- as Gebal was onlj' a part of it. (See Reland, Pcdast. p. 84 ; Michaelis, Suppkm. i, 2G1 sq. ; Robinson, Re- searches, ii, 552.) — Kitto, s. v. ; Smith, s. v. See Idu-
Gebalene. See Gebal, 2.
Gebath. See Geba, 1.
Ge'ber (Heb. id. "IDS, a valiant man, as often; Sept. rdjiiii), Josephus VafSdinjc;, Ant. viii, 2, 3), the son of Uri, and one of Solomon's purveyors, having sole (i. e. supreme) jurisdiction (^''^p) over Gilead (1 Kings iv, 19) ; from which fact he appears to be the same as Ben-Geuer (" son of Geber") mentioned in ver. 13 as having charge of the same region, unless, indeed, the latter were a deputy or assistant to his fa- ther. B.C. 1013. See also Ezion-Geber.
Gebelin. See Court, Axtoine.
Gebhard, Truchsess, archbishop of Cologne, was born at Waldburg Nov. 10, 1547 ; was made preben- dary of Augsburg in 1502, of Strasburg in 15G7, of Co- logne in 1570, and in 1577 elector and archbishop of Cologne. In 1582 he became a Protestant, and in the following year he married the countess Agnes von Mansfeld. He proclaimed unrestricted religious lib- erty, and intended to convert his spiritual into a tem- poral electorate. His plan was highly appi'oved bj' the people and the nobility, but the cathedral chapter opposed it with all its might. The pope fidminated a ban aijainst him, and the emjieror, Rudolph II, declared him dp])oscd. Tlie Protestant jirinces ultimately de- serted him, and the newlj'-elected archbishop, duke Er- nest of Bavaria, overcame him by force of arms (1584). He fled to Holland, but not receiving any help there, he returned to Germany, where he vainly solicited the assistance of the Protestant princes, as well as peti- tioned (|ueen Elizal)eth of England for aid in regaining his bisli(i]iiic ; lie linally retired to Strasburg, where he olliiiated as dean of the cathedral, and died Maj' 21, IGOl. See Kohler, De actis etfatis Oehhardi (Altd". 172)5) ; Barthold, in Ranmcr's Il/storisckcs Taschenbuch (1810) ; Picrer, Utuversal-Lexikon, s. v.
Ge'bim (Heb. Gehim', CSS, cisterns [as in Jer. xiv, 3, "pits"], or IncJists [as in Isa. xxxiii,4]; Sept. r//?/3f i'c, Vulg. Gabini), a small place a short distance north of Jerusalem, mentioned between Madmenah and Kob, Isa. X, 31, where its inhabitants are prophetically described as fleeing at the approach of the invading Assyrian army. Eusebius ami Jerome ((^wii/ast. s. v. Fff-Jf j'rt, Gel)in) identify it with '■Uleha, a village five miles from Guphna towards Neapolis;" and Schwarz
{Palest, p. 131) identifies it with the Gob of 2 Sam. xxi, 18) ; but both these are at variance with the order of the places named by the prophet. The associated lo- calities require a position corresponding to that of the present El-Isatciijth, a little village in a valley near the road leading N.E. from Jerusalem (Robinson, Re- searches, ii, 108). See Nob. It probalilj^ derived its Heb. name from the vicinit}' of excavations (Q'i2Jn = the ditches; comp. 2 Kings iii, IG).