Genius, Attendant. See Guardian Angel.
Gennadius, patriarch of Constantinople, succeed- ed Anatolius in that dignity A.D. 458. He was a man of quiclv parts, and composed Homilies; a Cotu- mentari) on Pauts Epistles ; and a Commentary on Dan- iel. He died A.D. 471. His writings are lost, except an Epistle preserved by Grynanis, and other fragments, all of which are given 1)}'^ IMigne, Patrolof/ia Grceea, torn. Ixxxv. — Evagrius, Hist. Feel, ii, 11 ; Uupin, Eeel. Wi-iters, iv, 15G; Ceillier, .lM<eM7's Sacres (Paris, 1861), xi, 345.
Gennadius, patriarch of Constantinople (whose proper name was George Scholarius), was one of the most original and prolific writers in the Greek Church of the 15th century. He was secretary to the emperor John Palajologus, and attended the Council of Flor- ence in 1438, while yet a layman. He became an ec- clesiastic in 1449 or 1450, and entered a monastery, taking the name of Gennadius. At Florence he had declared himself stronglj' on the side of vniion with the Latin Church, in three orations to be found in Har- douin, Concilia, ix, 446 (supposed to be much interpo- lated). After becoming a monk he changed his views, and wrote against the Council of Ferrara-Florence. In 1453 he was made patriarch bj' the sultan, but retired in 1458, and died about 14G0. Some have disputed the identitj' of Scholarius with Gennadius, but Renaudot puts it beyond doubt. A list of his writings will be found in Kenaudot, who edited his homih' Dc Eucha- ristia (Paris, 1704), and, in a larger edit., with Meletius and others (Paris, 1709, 4to). His treatise Trcpi irpo- oniffiAov, De Predestinatione, was edited by Libertinus (Prague, 1673, 8vo). Migne, in Patrologia Grceea, tom. clx, gives Renaudot's dissertation on the life and writ- ings of Gennadius, with his writings as follows: Con- Jessio Fidei (i, ii) : — Homilia: : — Orationes in Synodo Florent.: — De Predestinatione: — De Deo in Trinitate una: — Ejnstolce; and other writings. Fabricius, Bihli- otheca Grmca (ed. Harles), xi, .349 sq., gives Renaudot's list of the writings of Gennadius, seventy-six in num- ber, and adds twenty-four more. See also a list of his writings and their various editions, in Hoffmann, Bih- lioffiriphisches Lexikon, ii, 155 sq. Of the writings at- tributed to him, perhaps the most important are the two Confessions made for the sultan, (1) 'O/^itXia (or ojuoXoyi'n) pi}dilaa Tnni Ti/r cijOiir Kat ajuoi^ii)TOV tti'it- TiojQ Toiv XpKTTUD'ivi' ; and (2) a dialogue Trtn'i rZ/t" i>^ov Tr)Q ao}T}]pia(2 -tov uvBom—m}', both given in Migne (Gr. and Lat.), in Kimmcl, Moniuncnta Fidei Eccles. Orientalis (Jena, 1850, 8v()), and in Gass, Gennadius and Plelho (see below). These confessions have been critically studied by Dr. Otto, wlio gives the text of the dialogue, a literary historj' of the two confes- sions, and an investigation of the genuineness of the dialogue, in Zrifsehrijt fi'ir iiislor. Tkeolof/ie, xx, 389 sq. ; xxxiv. 111 sq. ; and separately, from additional sources, Des Patriarch Gennadlos Confession (Wien,
1864). Otto decides that the dialogue was not written by Gennadius, but is probably a recension of the 'irt- pai Tivt^ tpujrrfrjsiQ (falsely ascribed to Athanasius), made by some Greek, in the interest of the Church of Rome, to favor the union of the Greek and Latin churches. As it gives the procession of the Holy Ghost from the Father and the Son (Jligne, tom. clx, p. 322 D), the Latins and Latinizing Greeks have made much use of it in the Filioque controversy-. — Mosheim, Church History, cent, xv, ))t. ii, chap, ii, § 23 ; Dupin, Feel. Writers, v, 110; Fabricius, Biblioth. Grmca, 1. c. ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xix, 913 ; Gass, Genna' dius and Pletho (Breslau, 1844).
Gennadius, Massiliensis, a presbyter of Mar- seilles, a Gaul (end of 5th century). Although some modern writers assert that he was a bishop, some say of Marseilles, others of Toledo, he was only a presbj-- ter. He was versed in Greek and Latin, and a labori- ous student of the Scriptures and the fathers. He wrote a number of books, of which only two have come down to us : (1.) De Viris illiistrihus, or De Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis (Catalogue of Ecclesiastical Writers), a continuation of that of Jerome, to which it is usually joined. It begins where Jerome's ends, A.D. 392, and ends 493. There have been many editions of it, be- sides that which is inserted in the works of St. Jerome ; the best is that of Fabricius, in his Bibliotheea Ecclesi- asfica (Hamb. 1718, fob). (2.) De Eeelesiastieis Doij- matihus (Hamb. 1594 and 1614, 4to). Gennadius ad- vocates doctrines on free-will and predestination simi- lar to those of Faustus of Rhegium. " In his treatise De Dof/maiibits Eeelesiastieis, he says, God first of all warns man, and invites him to salvation ; it is in the power of man to follow him. In his work De Viris II- lustribus, cap. 38, he speaks of Augustine with commen- dation, yet does not hesitate to add, that by writing so much he fell into the error of which Solomon says in the mth chapter of Proverbs, ' In the multitudo of words there wanteth not sin.' He makes mention of an error which had arisen from much speaking, and evidently refers to the doctrine of absolute predesti- nation. This arose from carrying things to an ex- treme, but for all this Augustine had not fallen into heresj'" (Neander, History oj" Dogmas, Ryland's transl. p. 383). — Dupin, Eecl. Writers, iv, 185 ; Mosheim, Ch. Hist, ii, 841 ; Neander, Ch. Hist, ii, 6-47 ; Hook, Fecks. Biog. v, 289; Cave, Hist. Lit. (Genev. 1720, fol.), i, 299.