J uimi) il 1 um-j of Jli j,b1i
soon forget the impi-ession made upon the mind. The long colonnade running through the centre of the city, terminating at one end in the graceful circle of the fo- rum ; the groups of columns clustered here and thera round the crumbling walls of the temples ; the heavy masses of masonry that distinguish the positions of the great theatres ; and the vast field of shapeless ruins rising gradually from the green banks of tlie rivulet to the battlemented heights on each side — all combine in forming a picture such as is rarely equalled. The form of the city is an irregular square, each side meas- uring nearly a mile. It was surrounded by a strong wall, a large portion of which, with its flanking towers at intervals, is in a good state of preservation. Three gateway's are still nearly perfect, and within the city upwards of tioo hundred and tldrty columns remain on their pedestals. A description of them may be found in Burckhardt's Syria, p. 252-G4 ; also in those of Lord Lindsay and others, which are well condensed in Kel- ley's Sipia, p. 448 sq. See also Buckingham's Pales- tine, p. 405 ; Keith, Evidence of Prophecy (3Gth ed.).^ Smitli, s. V. ; Kitto, s. v.
Gerasene (V((m(n]i>6i-), an inhabitant of Gej-asa (q. v.). Several MSS. read VepaarpHov instead of Vtpyt- crrji'wi', in Matt, viii, 28 ; but the city of Gerasa lay too fur from the Sea of Tiberias to admit the possil)ility of the miracles having been wrought in its vicinitj-. If the reading Ttpamjvwv be the true one, the X'wow, "dis- trict," must then have been very large, including Ga- dara and its environs ; and Matthew thus uses a broad- er appellation, where Mark and Luke use a more spe- cific one. This is not impossible, as Jerome (ad Obad.") states that Gilead was in his daj' called Gerasa, and Origen afllrnis that Vipan^vm' was the ancient read- ing (Oj^p. iv, 140). — Smith, s. v. See G.vd.\u.v. The nature of Origen's argument makes this statement very doubtful. It looks like a bold hypothesis to get over a difficult}' (see Alford, ad loc). The rival Ger- gesa, however, is also mentioned by Eusebius and Je- rome. The latter thus writes : " Hodieque super mon- tem viculus demonstratur juxta stagnum Tjberiadis in quod porci pra^cipitati sunt" (Onomust. s. v.). Thom- son thinks he has discovered Gergesa as a ruin called Kersa or Gersa, on the bank of wad}' Semak, east of the lake. He describes it as "within a few rods of the shore, and an immense mountain rises directl}' above it, in which are ancient tombs. . . . The lake is so near the base of the mountain, that the swine rushing madh' down it could not stop, but would be hurried on into the water and drowned" (Lund and Book, ii, 34-38). It is uncertain which reading has the highest authority, and consequently these conjec- tures are very doubtful (see, however, Ellicott's Lec- tures on the Life of our Lord, p. 188, note ; Van de Velde, Memoir, p. 311 ; Reland, p. 502, 807). See Gergesene. Gerauld, Higues, a French ])riest of evil name in the 1?A\\ cent., first mentioned as chaplain of pope Clement V. He afterwards became arch- deacon of Eu, in the diocese of Rouen. Clement V finally ap- pointed him bisliop of Cahors, in consideration, it is said, of a 111 a ^um of money. He soon, liow ( \ ( 1 took advantage of his position to despoil the inhab- it uits of his diocese, and pope Idlin WIlMjipnintedthe bish- ( ps of Itu ■/. and Arras to inves» tu'ifi tiu charges against Ge- lauld Vcoused of simony, of nigi ititude towards tiie see of Ronu of cruelty to those who app( lUd from his decisions, of spoil ition, and of criminal con-
'■'A
GERBAIS
817
GERDIL
nection with women, he was condemned to prison for lift'. An author of that period, Bernard Guidonis, saj'S that Gorauld, after being stripped of the insignia of liis office was condemned to be dragged on the public high- way flayed in some parts, and finally burned alive. The execution took jilace in July, 1317. See Kaynal- dus anno 1317 ; INIartene, Vetei'um ticripiorum, t. v, p. 174 ; Bzovius, Num. 16 ; Duchesne, Histoire des Cardi- nmix frangais, t. ii, p. 290. — Hoefer, Xvuv. Biog. Ge- nerak, xx, 185.
Gerbais, Jean, doctor of the Sorbonne, was born at Kupois in IGiO, and became professor of rhetoric at the royal college of Paris, 1GG2, and principal of the college of Rheims, where he died in 1G09. He was commissioned bj' the French clergy to publish the De- cisions touchant les Regulicrs (decreed in the assembly of 1645), with Hallier's notes. He wrote, 1. De Causis 3fap)ribus (1671), 4to), in which he ably supports the liberties of the Gallican Church, and maintains that episcopal causes ought to be first judged b_y the metro- politan, and the bishops in his province ; Innocent XI condemned this work in 1680 : — 2. Traite du Pouroir de Liglise et des Piinces sur les empechemens du Mar- ri'ige (A Treatise on the authority of Kings over the hindcrances to IMarriage, 1690, 4to) :— 3. Leiires touch- ant It Picule des Religieux (1698, 12mo) :— 4. A transla- tion of the treatise by Panormus on the Council of Basle (8vo) : — 5. Lettre sur la Comedie (12mo) :■ — 6. Letire sur les Boi'ures et le Luxe des Habits des Femmes. — Du]iin, Eccles. Writers, cent, xvii ; Hook, Eccles. Biog. v, 299 ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xx, 186 ; Niceron, Me- moircs, tom. xiv.