(Berl. 1840); Wildenhahn, Paid G., ein kirchen-gesch. LebensUld (Leips. 1845 ; 2d edit. 1850).
Gerhoch or Geroch, a Roman Catholic priest of German}', was born in 1093 at Polling, in Bavaria. Soon after completing his theological studies he took an active part in the conflict between the popes and the emperors in favor of the former. Bishop Herman of Augsburg made him a canon and scholasticus of the cathedral school; but he soon left this position, as the bishop, who sided with the emperor, appeared to him to be a schismatic. He withdrew to the Augustinian monastery of Raitenbuch (now Rotenbuch), where he remained until 1122, when, peace having been made be- tween the pope and the emperor, the bishop of Augs- burg recalled him. In 1123 he accomjianied the bishop to Rome, to reconcile him with the pope. After his re- turn from Rome he was again for a time Magister and Doctor Juvenum at Augsburg, but, being disgusted witli the want of ecclesiastical discipline which pre- vailed there, he left the city again for Raitenbuch. But there also his reformatorj' efforts were unsuccess- ful, although the}' were supported by the pope. In 1126, bishop Kuno, of Ratisbon, made him his secretary ; soon after he ordained him priest, and gave him the parish of Cham, to establish there a house for regular canons ; but the opponents of a rigid discipline again thwarted the whole plan. After the death of bishop Kuno, Gerhoch found a new patron in archbishop Con- rad I of Salzburg, who, in 1132, made him provost of the monastery of Reichersberg, which position he re- tained until his death in 1169. Gerhoch was a zeal- ous defender of a rigid orthodoxy and of all the claims of the pope, and a violent and quarrelsome opponent of the rights claimed by the emperors in Church af- fairs, of simony, and of the marriage of priests. He devoted throughout his life a special attention to the reformation of the clergj', and was a steadfast adher- ent of the theological method of the earlier fathers in opposition to the rising scholasticism. He even Avent so far as to charge the Jllagister Sententiarum with her- esy. His eagerness in combating Adoptianism and Nestorianism carried him off into the other extreme, and he used many expressions on the person of Christ which seem to be Eutychian. Of his writings, a com- mentar}^ on the 64th Psalm, in which he treats of the corrupt condition of the Church, is best known. He gives, himself, a list oi all his works, in the preface to the Commentary on the Psalms, which has been pub- lished b}' Pez as the fifth volume of his Thesaurus Aiiecdotoriim, in 1728. Some of these works have not yet been found. Those that are known are given in ]\ligne, Pairologia Latina, vols, cxciii, ex civ. — See Ilerzog, Real-L'ncyklojK v, 49; Neander, Church His- tory (Torrey's transl., vol. iv). (A. J. S.)
Ger'izim (always vvith the prefix t''*"5 "itl, Har Gerizzim', Mount ri/the Gerizites [from "^""15, Gerizzi', dwellers in a shorn (i. e. desert) land, from T'n5, ga- raz' , to cut off; possibly the tribe subdued by David, 1 Sam. xxvii, 8] ; Sept. Yaoii,[v, Josephus Ya^iiMi') and Ebal were two mountains of Samaria, forming the opposite sides of the valley which contained the ancient town of Shechem, the present Nablus. From this connection it is best to notice them together. The valley which these mountains enclose is about 200 or 300 paces wide, by above tliree miles in length ; and Mount Ebal rises on the right hand and Gerizim on the left hand of the valley (which extends west-north- Avest) as a person approaches Shechem from Jerusa- lem (see Ritter, Erdk. xvi, 641 sq.). These two moun- tains were the scene of a grand ceremony — perhaps the most grand in the history of nations — dulj' per- formed by Joshua as soon as he gained possession of the Promised Land (Deut. xxvii; Josh, viii, 30-35). See below. These mountains are mentioned by Jose- phus as being similarly situated on either side of She- chem (Ant, iv, 8, 44). He also refers to the temple
GERIZDI
820
GERIZBI
built upon one of them by the Samaritans after the exile as the seat of their national worship (Ant. xi, 7, 2 ; 8, 2-6), as related in the Ajiocrvpha (2 Mace, vi, 2). See below. In order to justify their traditions in this respect, they have corrupted the reading of their text of the Pentateuch in Dent, xxvii, 4, so as to read "Gerizim" instead of "Ebal." It was from the top of this mountain that Jothani uttered the famous para- ble of the trees to the Shechcmite insurrectionists un- der Abimelech, gathered in the plain below (Judg. ix, 7), a position from which he could easily be heard (see Hackett's Illustra. of Script, p. 198). The ascent of the hill is so difficult that, ere any of the followers of Abimelech could climb it, Jotham would be far away among the defiles of the neighboring mountains. See
JOTirAJI.